Dress Shop

Name of the Enterprise The business name â€Å"Wedlock Trends† will display a wedding dress shop that will offer the latest and the hottest styles of wedding apparel of the season. Location The location of the business is at Door 4, 500 Gabaton Building, Elpidio Quirino Avenue, Davao City. The commercial space measures 5Ãâ€"14 sq. The space will be rented at P12, 000/month, exclusive of water and electricity expenses. The area is a perfect spot for a wedding dress shop for it is easy to find since it is located in the main road. Aside from that, the area is filled with office buildings, inns, schools, and other business entities nearby.Descriptive Definition of the Product Wedlock Trends shall cater to the needs of grooms and brides in a comfortable and relaxed setting. In its warm and intimate setting, the Wedlock Trends’ friendly and knowledgeable bridal consultants are available to help in finding everything that they need for their upcoming wedding. We offer bridal dresses and all the accessories as well as fashions required for the rest of the bridal party. Project’s Long-Range Objectives Wedlock Trends has been created with one main objective: to provide the bride with the ultimate experience in finding the perfect wedding dress!In 2016, Wedlock Trends will create tie-ups with the prominent photo studio and flower shop here in Davao. It will be convenient for our clients for they don’t have to waste their time searching for quality photos and videos as well as fresh and beautifully arranged flowers. Wedlock Trends will expand and cater other occasions as well. Elegant night gowns, classic dresses, up-to-date men’s suit, and a lot more will be added to our collection for parties, debuts, and other significant events. By doing such, it is expected that the number of employees in every department will be increased as well as the machineries used in the process.Feasibility Criteria The most important guidelines used to judg e the feasibility of the project is its marketing aspect and financial aspect. The marketing aspect tells what the project is all about, who the target market is, when is the perfect time to open the business, where is it located, and how is it going to compete with its competitors. It is also where the demand and supply analysis is, which will be a great criterion. The financial aspect provides the data that shows the projects profitability. It is important to know if the project is attainable, feasible, and profitable.Highlights Of The Project History Many young girls dream about what kind of wedding dress they’d like to wear on their special day so we have thought of creating a project that will certainly be desired by our target market. It’s a business that caters not only the needs of a soon-to-be couples but one that fulfills their dreams, to have a unique and remarkable wedding. This is an amazing business which has developed a strong, distinctive and individual identity with a reputation for both quality and service – very profitable business.This is a delightful business with bridal gowns to suit every style of wedding. It is fantastic opportunity to own a money making business in a very up-market industry. This business is not just a business, it is a life style choice with plenty of fashion. This very good business opportunity provides bridal wear, stocked with a superb range of designer wedding gowns, bridal accessories include jewelry, tiaras, stationery, gifts, to compliment any wedding reception which is excellent for add-on purchases. This is a business opportunity to own and grow a dynamic business .This is an amazing opportunity for someone who just wants to literally wants to jump straight in and continue the exceptional success achieved. It is a business opportunity that is highly profitable and offers great potential whether h global, national or local aspect. Project Time Table and Status The project is expected to be operational by May 2014. For now, thorough studies and research are being done to carefully analyze its standing once we enter the market. Nature of the Industry The wedding gown industry is one that is made up of multiple smaller enterprises like caterers, wedding consultants, dresses, various eauty suppliers (hair, makeup), photographers, favors/bridesmaids gifts, music, honeymoon related, etc. While the industry as a whole represents a lot of money, each of the component parts is much smaller — some smaller than others. These smaller composite suppliers can be very local and likely will be small and privately owned. Mode of Financing The source of funds of Wedlock Trends that will be used to put up the business is from the contributions of the four (4) persons who will be the owner of the dress shop.Each shall contribute P625, 000 for a total of P2, 500, 000. 00. A cash contribution is better than bank loans for it has a lower risk and high interest cost which will result to lower income. Investment Cost The funds allocated for this project is P2, 500, 000. 00. The proponents have agreed to form a partnership wherein four (4) persons merge to contribute for the capitalization of Wedlock Trends, with the intention of dividing the profits among themselves. Major assumptions and summary of findings and conclusion on the following: Market FeasibilityIn our Market Study, we identify who will be our customers, suppliers, and competitor as well as the number of demand that we will gain in the succeeding years. In our data of demand analysis the first year show lesser number of demands, it is because Wedlock Trends is new to the market and customers do not know the business yet. The succeeding years shows the increasing number of demand, it is because Wedlock Trends formulated a marketing program which to have a flyers, posters and streamers printing for the customer to be aware about the existing of the business. Technical FeasibilityWedlock Trends is a cl othing business designed to make wedding gowns, barongs, tuxedo’s and cocktail dresses. The business offer readymade dresses aside from made to order and customize clothes. The supply is high; there are many companies who supply such equipment. Financial Feasibility The Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe shows an income statement of the cash flows the cash receipts such as profit, salary, capital and so on has an increase every year. It means that the business gaining a profit. For the balance sheet, there is also an increase and the total assets and the total liabilities and owners’ equity is well balance.For the ratio analysis, the profit ratio has an average of 41. 26% means there is a profit of . 43. For the payback capital computation, there is 2. 21, means the capital of the business can be recovered within 2 years. Socio-economic Feasibility The number of Wedding dress shop in Metro Davao is rapidly increasing. The more competition, the better it is for the market, beca use innovation, better products and service will be present. These industries will affect the economy as a whole on a much more scale. It gives employment to those who seeks job. Management FeasibilityThe structure of the business begins with the four (4) persons/partners who are also the owners of the business. The manager will handle the sales, manufacturing and service aspects of the business. In terms of salary scale, the manager will be compensated with minimum wage and the other employees are below the minimum wage. MARKET STUDY Clothing is a beautiful visual demonstration of the social and emotional needs of people wearing it. It also portrays in a clearly understood visual manner, what people of different cultures and styles want socially.Fashion, through times, has gone through so many rapid changes and bizarre extremes that it has examples of nearly every kind of clothing function, especially when it comes to wedding attires. The range of Filipino wedding dresses is remark ably wide, according to the vast cultures, geographical differences, purchasing capacities, influence of the western culture, and bewildering diversities of the ethnic groups. One has, therefore, to sift and isolate, and then relate and bring together, the ideas for creating various designs, which can fit in the context of theFilipino style, conservative, elegant yet still in trend. When it comes to the most special day of a couple’s life, we like to make a personal effort to make it all that it can be. The business will be a full-service wedding dress shop catering to customers who are searching for reasonable quality products at affordable prices. Our main focus will be quality in every process right from buying stuff, raw material selection, designer selection, stitching till the delivery of product to final customer in order to fulfill our goal of customer satisfaction.We will be providing standardized products as well as customized dresses according to ones needs. Geogra phical areas of dispersion The location of the business is at Door 4, 500 Gabaton Building, Elpidio Quirino Avenue, Davao City. The commercial space measures 5Ãâ€"14 sq. The rental price is P12, 000. 00 per month, exclusive of water and electricity expenses. Our Competitors are the Wedding Glamour, Wedding Channel, Wedding Avenue, and Knot’s Forever. Target Market The scope of our wedding dress shop is the people living within Metro Davao with a population of 1,449,296 (National Statistics Office, 2010).To be specific, most of the target market will be composed of couples of ages 18 years old and above, teenagers and young adults in high school and college, and young professionals, who belong to the middle and upper class. The middle class customers are those who have moderate income and have the capability to purchase products and services with high quality. The upper class customers are those who have high income and have the capability to purchase product and services wit h high quality, and look for luxury. Target Market |Age |Population | |Couples |18 – 64 years old |635,412 | |Teenagers |13 – 18 years old |255, 465 | |Young Adults |20 – 24 years old |117,083 | |Young Professionals 25 – 34 years old |186, 691 | |Walk-ins |18 – 64 years old |635,412 | Demand Analysis Projection of the number of the products to be sold. PRODUCTS |Year 1 |Year 2 |Year 3 |Year 4 |Year 5 | | | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive headdress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) | |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of the couple |- parents of the couple | | |free pictures | |Bronze Special Package = P 20,000. 00 | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive headdress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | | |free ma ke up | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of the couple |- parents of the couple | | |free pictures | | |free video CD of the wedding | |Gold Special Package = P 30,000. 0 | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive headdress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | | |free gown and make up | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) | | |free male perfume | |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of the couple |- dress & suits for the parents of the couple | | |free pictures | | |free video CD of the wedding | |Diamond Special Package = P 50,000. 0 | | |Bridal Gown |– inclusive head dress, 2nd veil, cord, (2) cushions, pouch bag | | |free gown, make up, bouquet | |Grooms’ Barong |– pinya jusi with embroidery (free makeup) | | |free male perfume | |Whole Entourage |(1) maid of honor, (3) bridesmaids, (3) flower girls | | |(1) best man barong, (3) groomsmen barongs, | | |(3) bearers (ring, coin, bible) | |Parents’ outfits of both couple |- dress & suits for the parents of the couple | | |free pictures with album | | |free video CD of the wedding | | |free picture publicity on Mindanao Daily Mirror | Competitor’s Analysis |Name of Competitor |Products/Services |Location |Store Hours | |Wedding Glamour |Gown & Entourage Package: |Door 1 Gahol Bldg. , E Quirino|9:00 – 5:00pm | | |1 Bridal Gown w/ accessories |Ave. , Davao City | | | |1 Groom Attire | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | | | | |3 Flower Girl Gowns w/ basket | | | | |1 Bestman Barong | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |3 Bearer’s B arong/Tuxedo | | | | |2 Mother Dress | | | | |2 Father Barong | | | |Wedding Avenue |Gown & Entourage Package: |Front of Dep-Ed, E. Quirino |9:00 – 5:00pm | | |1 Bridal Gown w/ accessories |Ave. | | | |1 Groom Attire |Davao City | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | | | | |3 Flower Girl Gowns w/ basket | | | | |1 Bestman Barong | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |3 Bearer’s Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |2 Mother Dress | | | | |2 Father Barong | | | |Wedding Channel |Gown & Entourage Package: |E.Quirino Avenue, Davao City| | | |1 Bridal Gown w/ accessories | | | | |1 Groom Attire | | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | |8:00 – 5:00pm | | |3 Flower Girl Gowns w/ basket | | | | |1 Bestman Barong | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |3 Bearer’s Barong/Tuxedo | | | | |2 Mother Dress | | | | |2 Father Barong | | | |Knots Forever |Bridal Package: | | | | |1 Bridal Gown | |8:00 – 5:00pm | | |1 Head Dress |E. Q uirino Avenue, Davao City| | | |1 1st Veil | | | | |1 2nd Veil | | | | |1 Cord | | | | |2 Cushions | | | |1 Groom Barong / Tuxedo | | | | |Entourage: | | | | |1 Maid of Honor Gown | | | | |1 Maid of Honor Head Dress | | | | |3 Bridesmaid Gowns | | | | |3 Flower Girls Gown | | | | |3 Baskets | | | | |1 Best Man | | | | |3 Groomsmen Barong | | | | |3 Bearer’s Barong | | | Marketing Program Our means of advertisements are posters and streams printing, through networking sites, and fashion shows. Posters and Streamers Printing – This can also be a tool for advertising.We can put posters and streamers printing at malls and hotels and restaurants for them to easily recognize our product. Facebook & Multiply – Billions of people, foreign or local are users of Facebook. And these people logs in almost everyday for about an hour or more. Through Facebook and Multiply, it is easier to reach the right audience. It is easy, convenient, and costs no cent. Newspaper Ads â₠¬â€œ The oldest form of advertising is still an effective way to reach a large number of people. These ads can do a lot more than just advertise one item or one sale–each one can work really hard to bring in customers, and then bring them back again and again. They're a good way to reach a large number of people, especially those aged 45-plus who end to read the paper more frequently than younger demographic groups who tend to get their news from television, radio or the internet. And we can target our ads to the appropriate markets by requesting that our ads run in the section(s) that most closely relate to our target audience. MANAGEMENT STUDY Personnel Expertise Wedlock Trends will hire one (1) manager, two (2) sewers, two 2 (cutters), two (2) beaders. The descriptions of hiring employees are the following: |Manager – |Responsible for maintaining the store in order to ensure residents and visitors have access to necessary supplies and| | |accommodations. |Responsibi lities |Maintain customer services and facilities | | |greet customers and provide assistance | | |maintain cleanliness and order in the store | | |Maintain stock, supplies and inventories | | |take inventory | | |order groceries and supplies | | |mark prices on stock | | |restock shelves | | |Maintain accounts | | |record prices in the log book | | |operate the cash register | | |balance cash receipts | | |make deposits | | |record visa and debit accounts | | |maintain a manual general ledger | |Qualifications |Minimum 3 years of retail management experience. More extensive retail experience will be welcomed. Experience in | | |personal computer retail setting is preferred, but not mandatory. | |Must have an interest in fashion and have an eye for art. | | |Strong leadership skills. | | |Ability to effectively teach/develop others to next level. | | |Good merchandising skills and a flair for conceiving and implementing creative merchandising themes. | | |Strong operations exp erience in receiving, stock and inventory as well as front-end management and office management. | | |Ability to organize and prioritize multiple tasks in a fast-paced environment. | | |Strong interpersonal, motivational, communication and organizational skills. | |At least 25 years old | |Sewer – |Sewers cut, trim, sew and design clothing and accessories according to the company or client’s demand | |Responsibilities |Sew, trim and stitch gowns/suits and other tailored products. | | |Draw and design gowns/suits to present to the company or clients | | |Measure client’s vital statistics that will use as a pattern for the clothes. | | |Sew gowns/suits using sewing machine or other stitching machines. | | |Inspect finished product and do finishing touches. | |Hand stitch edges or linings | | |Iron gowns/suits | |Qualifications |Must have taken vocational or short course in tailoring | | |Must have at least 3-5 years experience as a sewer or tailor | | |Knowledg e in sewing, both hand and machine sewing | | |Knowledge and ability on different kinds of stitches and design | | |Knowledge in different kinds of cloths | | |Knowledge and ability to sew in different kinds of clothes. | | |Knowledge in fashion designing is a plus | | |Knowledge and ability to design wearable and appealing gowns/suits | | |Ability to use sewing machines. | |Pattern Cutter – |Pattern cutters create templates for the kinds of patterns that will be used in clothing lines, based on illustrated | | |designs created by the design department of the fashion company. |Responsibilities |Cut fabrics or textiles | | |Adjust cutting techniques to types of fabrics and styles of garments. | | |Adjust machine controls, such as heating mechanisms, tensions, and/or speeds to produce specified products. | | |Inspect products to ensure that specifications are met and to determine whether machines require adjustment. | | |Operate machines to cut multiple layers of fabric int o parts | |Qualifications |Must have an interest in fashion and have an eye for art. | |Must have good analytical skills | | |Must be computer literate | | |Must be able to work quickly | |Beader – |Beaders are responsible of putting beads and sequins on bridal gowns for accent. | |Responsibilities |Puts beads and sequins on gowns | | |Inspect products to ensure that specifications are met and to determine whether machines require adjustment. | |Qualifications |Must have an interest in fashion and have an eye for art. | |Preferably with 3 years experience in custom-made formal wear | | |With good moral character and working habit | Working Salaries and Benefits Below are the salaries and benefits of the employees. |PERSONNEL |PHILHEALTH |SSS |TOTAL | |Manager |P 301. 00 every quarter |P 225. 00 per month |P 9,030. 00 per month-based on minimum P 301. 0| | | | |daily | |Sewer |P 205. 00 every quarter |P 125. 00 per month |P 4,400. 00 per month | |Cutter | | | | |Beader | | | | |NOTE: |The sewers, cutters, and beaders are not based on minimum wages because they are not yet regulars. | Organizational ChartThe organizational chart of Wedlock Trends shows the structure of an organization and the relationships and relative ranks of its parts and positions/jobs. As a starting business, Wedlock Trends involve few personnel/staff. The manager assumes the leadership roles within the company and will be responsible for the daily operation, over-seeing marketing efforts, buying merchandise, managing inventory and all other administrative duties. The other staffs will assist the owner with assisting the customers and the sewers, cutters, beaders to maintain the dress will be good quality to the customers. Gantt Chart Below is the calendar of activities of Wedlock Trends. OOperating Activities | |Activities | |Activities | |Particulars |Quantity |Price |Acquisition Value | |Bridal Fabric (local) |5 rolls |125/m |P 34,375. 00 | |Bridal Fabric (imported) |3 rolls |395/m |65,175. 00 | |Bridal Lace (local) |5 rolls |280/m |77,000. 00 | |Bridal Lace (imported) |3 rolls |550/m |90,750. 00 | |Pants/Slacks Fabrics |5 rolls |145/m |39,875. 0 | |Dress/Gown (local) |5 rolls |55/m |15,125. 00 | |Dress/Gown (imported) |3 rolls |120/m |19,800. 00 | |Barong |5 rolls |108/m |29,700. 00 | |Tuxedo |5 rolls |125/m |34,375. 00 | |Buttons |5 kilos |250/k |1,250. 0 | |Beads and Sequins |5 kilos |300/k |1,500. 00 | |Embroidery Threads |5 boxes |360/b |1,800. 00 | |Embroidery Threads |4 boxes |1320/b |5,280. 00 | |Needle Book (kit) |5 boxes |6. 50 |32. 50 | |Sewing Thread |8 boxes |206. 5/b |1,651. 60 | |Zipper |8 rolls |33 |264. 00 | |Tape Measure |5pcs |4 |20. 00 | |Yard Stick |5pcs |22. 75 |113. 75 | |Garter |7 rolls |315/r |2,205. 00 | |TOTAL | |P 420, 291. 85 | | Office Materials | |Particular |Quantity |Price Per Unit |Acquisition Value | |Stapler |2 |P 120. 00 |P 240. 00 | |Scissors |3 |55. 00 |165. 00 | |Calculator |2 |390. 00 |780. 0 | |thumbtacks |4 |10. 00 |40. 00 | |TOTAL | | |P 1,225. 00 | |Office Supplies | |Particular |Quantity |Price Per Unit |Acquisition Value | |Long Coupon Bond |1 ream |P 168. 00 |P 168. 0 | |Short Coupon Bond |1 ream |158. 00 |158. 00 | |Pencils |15 pcs |6. 00 |90. 00 | |Pens |10 pcs |7. 00 |70. 00 | |Staples |5 boxes |15. 00 |75. 00 | |Folders |50 pcs |6. 00 |300. 0 | |Paper Clips |1 box |25. 00 |25. 00 | |Fastener |1box |35. 00 |35. 00 | |Record Book |1 pcs |89. 00 |89. 00 | |Binder Aids |1 box |32. 00 |32. 00 | |Adhesive tape |2pcs |22. 0 |44. 00 | |TOTAL | | |P 1,086. 00 | Machineries and Equipment |Machine | |Particulars |Quantity |Price |Life |Acquisition Value |Annual Depreciation | |Sewing Machine |3 |P 8,995. 00 |5 |P 26,985. 00 |P 5,397. 0 | |Embroidery Machine |2 |12,300. 00 |5 |24,600. 00 |4,920. 00 | |TOTAL | | | | |P 10,317. 00 | II – Equipment |Equipment | |Particular |Quantity |Price |Life |Acquisition Value |Annual Depreciation | |Computer Set |1 |P 25,000. 0 |5 |P 25,000 . 00 |P 5,000. 00 | |Printer |1 |3,500. 00 |5 |3,500. 00 |700. 00 | |Air Conditioner |1 |14,000. 00 |5 |14,000. 00 |2,800. 00 | |Water Dispenser |1 |4,200. 00 |5 |4,200. 00 |840. 00 | |Body Form |6 |2,000. 00 |5 |12,000. 00 |2,400. 0 | |Working Table |1 |3,900. 00 |5 |3,900. 00 |780. 00 | |Steel Cabinet |1 |5,700 |5 |5,700. 00 |1,140. 00 | |Electric Iron |1 |690. 00 |- |690. 00 |- | |Ironing Board |1 |350. 00 |- |350. 00 |- | |Electric Fan |1 |1,300. 00 |- |1,300. 0 |- | |Clotheslines Stand |5 |1,299. 00 |- |6,495. 00 |- | |Dress Bag |100 |49. 00 |- |4,900. 00 |- | |Hangers |20 |74. 75/set |- |1,495. 00 |- | |Coat Hangers |50 |69. 75 |- |3,487. 00 |- | |Soft Broom |1 |45. 0 |- |45. 00 |- | |Trash Bin |1 |89. 50 |- |89. 50 |- | |Dust Pan |1 |25. 00 |- |35. 00 |- | |Pail |1 |115. 00 |- |115. 00 |- | |TOTAL | | | |P 87,301. 50 |P 13,630. 00 | Utilities Consumption Operating Expense | |Particulars |Amount | |Lease Payment |P 24,000. 00 | |Office Supplies |13,032. 00 | |Dress Shop Suppl ies |420,291. 85 | |Repair and Maintenance |144,000. 0 | |Electricity Utilities |5,786. 00 | |Telephone Utilities |11,988. 00 | |Water Utilities |6,000. 00 | |TOTAL |P 625,097. 85 | FINANCIAL STUDY Project Cost Summary Project Cost Summary | | |Amount | |Capital Expenditure | | | |Furniture and Fixture |P 45,880. 00 | | |Office Equipment |87,301. 50 |P 133,181. 50 | | | |Direct Expenditures | | | |Feasibility Study (preparation) |7,000. 0 | | |Survey |3,000. 00 | | |Partnership Expense |5,750. 00 | | |Permit and Licenses |1,725. 00 | | |Legal Fees |3,500. 00 | | |Insurance |3,500. 0 | | |Advertising Expense |1,930. 00 | | |Office Material |1,225. 00 |27,630. 00 | | | |Working Capital (1 month) | | | |Salaries |26,550. 0 | | |Light and Power | | | |Electric Bill (482. 25) | | | |Water Bill (500. 00) |982. 25 | | |Communication | | | |Telephone (999. 00) |999. 0 | | |Lease Payments |2,000. 00 | | |Repair and Maintenance |12,000. 00 | | |Office Supplies |13,032. 00 | | |Dres s Shop Supplies |96,158. 77 |151,722. 02 | |TOTAL | |312,533. 2 | The total estimated Total Project Cost for WEDLOCK TRENDS is P312, 533. 52. |Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe | |Projection Income Statement | |For the 1st year until 5th year | | |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 | |Sales (sched. XI) |P1,754,400. 0 |P2,418,600. 00 |P2,891,040. 00 |P3,098,400. 00 |P3,576,000. 00 | |Direct Expense |27,630. 00 | | | | | |Salary (sched. VIII) |318,600. 00 |321,786. 00 |325,003. 86 |328,253. 90 |331,536. 44 | |Operating Expense (sched. XII)|625,077. 85 |643,830. 8 |663,145. 09 |683,039. 44 |703,530. 63 | |Depreciation (sched. I) | |20,806. 00 |20,806. 00 |20,806. 00 |20,806. 00 | |Earnings Before Income Tax |P 783,092. 15 |P1,432,177. 82 |P1,882,085. 05 |P2,066,300. 66 |P2,520,126. 93 | |Tax |274,082. 25 |501,262. 24 |658,729. 7 |723,205. 23 |882,044. 43 | |Net Income |P 509,009. 90 |P927,724. 56 |P1,223,355. 30 |P1,343,095. 43 |P1,638,082. 50 | | | |Assumptions = 3 % Operating Expense per annum | | | |1 % Salary per annum | Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe | |Projection Cash Flows Statement | |For the 1st year until 5th year | |Cash Receipts |Pre-Operating |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 | |Capt. Contribution |P 2,500,000. 00 | | | | | | |Sales (sched. XI) |- |P1,754,400. 0 |P2,418,600. 00 |P2,891,040. 00 |P3,098,400. 00 |P3,576,000. 00 | | | |TOTAL |P2, 500,000. 00 |P1,754,400. 00 |P2,418,600. 00 |P2,891,040. 00 |P3,098,400. 00 |P3,576,000. 00 | |Cash Disbursement | | | | | | | |Capital Expenditure |P 133,181. 0 | | | | | | |Direct Expense |27,630. 00 | | | | | | |Salary (sched. VIII) |- |318,600. 00 |321,786. 00 |325,003. 86 |328,253. 90 |331,536. 44 | |Operating Expense (sched. XII) |- |625,077. 85 |643,830. 8 |663,145. 09 |683,039. 44 |703,530. 63 | |Tax |- | |274,082. 25 |501,262. 24 |658,729. 77 |723,205. 23 | |Profit |- |P 509,009. 90 |P927,724. 56 |P1,223,355. 30 |P1,343,095. 43 |P1,638,082. 50 | |Total |P160,811. 50 |P1,452,687. 75 |P2,167,422. 99 |P2,712,796. 49 |P3,01 3,118. 4 |P3,396,354. 80 | |Net Cash Flow |P2,339,188. 50 |P 301,712. 25 |P 251,177. 01 |P 178,243. 51 |P 85,281. 46 |P 179,645. 20 | |Net Cash Flow Beg. |- |2,339,188. 50 |2,640,900. 75 |2,892,077. 76 |3,070,321. 27 |3,155,602. 73 | |Cash Balance Beg. |P2,339,188. 50 |P2,640,900. 75 |P2,892,077. 76 |P3,070,321. 27 |P3,155,602. 73 |P3,335,247. 93 | Wedlock Trend Dress Shoppe | |Project Balance Sheet | |For the 1st year until 5th year | | |2014 |2015 |2016 |2017 |2018 | |Asset | | | | | | |Cash |P2,640,900. 75 |P2,892,077. 76 |P3,070,321. 27 |P3,155,602. 73 |P3,335,247. 93 | |Furniture and Fixture |45,880. 00 |42,500. 00 |39,120. 00 |35,740. 00 |32,360. 00 | |(sched.I) | | | | | | |Equipment (sched. II) |87,301. 50 |66,684. 48 |49,288. 50 |31,862. 50 |11,436. 50 | |Total Assets |P 2,774,082. 25 |P 3,001,262. 24 |P3,158,729. 77 |P3,223,205. 23 |P3,382,044. 43 | | | |Liabilities & Capital | |Capital |P 2,500,000. 0 |P 2,500,000. 00 |P 2,500,000. 00 |P 2,500,000. 00 |P 2,500,000. 00 | | Taxation |274,082. 25 |501,262. 24 |658,729. 77 |723,205. 23 |882,044. 43 | |TOTAL |P 2,774,082. 25 |P 3,001,262. 24 |P3,158,729. 77 |P3,223,205. 23 |P3,382,044. 43 | Wedlock Trends : 4 partners and Capital Contribution of each is : Partner 1; P 625, 000. 0 Partner 2; P 625, 000. 00 Partner 3; P 625, 000. 00 Partner 4; P 625, 000. 00 Ratio Analysis |Profitability | | | |Average Net Income |P1,128,253. 54 |41. 06% |The profit ratio is 41. 06%, means that for every peso of sales, there is | | | | |a net profit of P. 41. | Average Net Sale |P2,747,688. 00 | | | | | |Average Net Income |P1,128,253. 54 |45. 13% |The ratio is 45. 13%, means that for every peso of sales, there is a net | | | | |profit of P. 45. | |Owners Equity |P 2,500,000. 0 | | | | | |Average Net Profit |P1,128,253. 54 |36. 30% |The contribution of total assets to the net profit is 36. 30% for every | | | | |peso worth of asset it has a profit of P. 36. | |Average Total Asset |P 3,107,864. 8 | | | | | |Liquidity | | | |Average Current Asset |P3,006,830. 09 |494. 65% |The liquidity ratio is 494. 65% or a peso of current liability is | | | | |supported by P 4. 94 or 5 worth of the current assets | |Average Current Liabilities |P 607,864. 8 | | | | | |Pay Back Capital | | | |Parnership Capital |P 2,500,000. 00 |2. 22 |The capital can be recovered within 2 years of appreciation which is | | | | |favorable. | |Average Net Income |P1,128,253. 54 | | | Schedules Schedule I – Furniture and Fixture Furniture and Fixture | |Particular |Quantity |Price |Life |Acquisition Vale |Annual Depreciation | |Sofa Set |1 |P 28,895. 00 |5 |P 28,895. 00 |P 5,779. 00 | |Office Table w/ Chair |1 |7,700. 00 |5 |7,700. 00 |1540. 00 | |Full Length Mirror |1 |2,300. 00 |5 |2,300. 00 |460. 00 | |Full Length Mirror |2 |1,600. 0 |- |3,200. 00 |- | |Plastic Chair/Monobloc |6 |390. 00 |- |2,340. 00 |- | |Jacket Stand |1 |995. 00 |- |995. 00 |- | |Umbrella |1 |450. 00 |- |450. 00 |- | |TOTAL | | | |P45,880. 00 | P 7,779. 00 | Schedule II – Equipment Equipment

Introduction to Early Childhood Education †Assessment Essay

Identify THREE quality indicators relevant to early childhood education and discuss why they are important for children, parents, and/or society. 300 words. The first quality indicator relevant to early childhood education would be ‘people’. Letting your child learn in an environment where the teachers and assistants are expert, well-trained and the majority of them hold qualifications in the area. They should be able to fully understand your child’s needs, communicate well with them ensuring they make your child feel safe and comfortable being around them. They should also be trusted and respected by staff, parents and children. The ‘place or environment’ would be the second indicator. The learning environment should make all children feel welcome regardless of the cultural, ethnic or language background. They should be able to provide a variety of, materials, equipment and play activity arranged to encourage children to learn. A stimulating outdoor environment that challenges and motivates children to explore, run and play is also important. An environment where they feel safe, and where parents can see their child, and feel comfortable knowing they are there. They should be able to feel secure in the environment they are in and to know their children can only benefit from being there. ‘Programme’ the third indicator. A quality learning programme should provide lots of learning opportunities in a wide range of different areas (reading, water play, sand play, dress-up, science, social play). A variety of activities either working in small groups or individual interactions with teachers. Parents should be able to BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper to understand themselves about what their child is learning, having good communication with the centre employees, knowing what is going on and understanding their ways etc. an eye out being a parent and understanding the centres way. Teachers should always build trusting relationships with parents while always respecting and supporting different families cultures and languages. Reference List Identify TWO early childhood services in your community. Briefly explain their history and then compare and contrast their philosophies, educational goals and the strategies employed to achieve these goals. 450 words. Montessori is a philosophy and method of education pioneered by the Italian educationalist Dr Maria Montessori (The first Montessori school opened in 1909, the first Waldorf school in 1919 and the first Playcentre in the 1930s) Montessori ‘casa dei bambini’ or ‘children’s house’ was first opened in San Lorenzo, Rome, Italy. Dr Maria Montessori recognised that the first six years of a child’s life are the most important. Dr Montessori, trialled many materials and activities, but kept only those to which the children were spontaneously and repeatedly drawn. Playcentre began in 1941 primarily as a support service to women left raising children alone due to partners being away with the Second World War. Lack of transport and low family incomes were the reality for many women. Playcentre’s original aims were â€Å"to provide leisure for mothers and opportunities for the social development of the pre-school child† (Stover, 1998, p. 3). Playcentre is a stimulating environment, they provide a diverse and rich range of experiences, unlimited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum. Montessori has a certain structure and is based on their own philosophy unlike playcentre. Playcentre is a parent run co-operative it relies heavily on parental input, participation and support. Montessori aim is to provide an environment with structure and activities that meet the needs of the children and by giving them freedom to move and act within it, it was said that Dr Montessori had revealed the â€Å"true nature† of the child. Their philosophy is aimed for Children to be encouraged to be firmly grounded in reality before being exposed to fantasy. Montessori classrooms are very BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper quiet, as children are deeply absorbed in their work. They input this by managing the classroom materials into six areas (Practical Life Exercises, Sensorial Material, Art, Mathemartics, language, cultural subjects, and also physical is brought into their daily routine). Playcentre however is marked by a stimulating environment, providing a diverse and rich range of experiences, un limited free play across all 16 areas of play, and a child initiated curriculum. Their views and goals are to promote children’s learning through play, Family involvement ( based on the importance of parents as educators of their own children) They like to View children as people who are strong and capable and can make their own choices about how and where to play (childinitiated play). Playcentre teachers are trained parents who take quite a hands on approach and implement learning, using a lot of open ended questions to extend children’s thinking. Montessori and playcentre have different methods. Both focus on the wellbeing of children, and help promote them to learn and grow through many different approaches. The key difference between Playschool and Montessori is that at playschool the whole family joins, rather than it just being a provider of education for the child. Reference List (Pre-schoolers: Preschool Education: Types of Early Childhood Care KYLIE VALENTINE 2010) (Stover, 1998, p. 3). May, H. (2002, Winter). Early childhood care and education in Aotearoa – New Zealand: An overview of history, policy and curriculum. McGill Journal of Education BEd111: Introduction to Early Childhood Education – Assessment 20120778 Tourmaline Munday- Cooper

Professional Nursing Organization- AANN Essay

Becoming a nurse is more than just performing patient assessments, passing medications, and charting. When entering the nursing profession one feels a sense of pride, an ethical obligation, and a desire to uphold a certain image nurses want to display. To its members, guide nursing behaviors, are instrumental in clinical decision making, and influence how nurses think about themselves† (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 49)†. The profession’s values give direction and meaninAs a new graduate nurses are overwhelm with learning the technical components of nurses and the desire to uphold the image of the nursing profession can be placed on the back burner. As nurses pass the novice stage of the career their core values provide the desire to expand their scope of practice, or clinical autonomy. Becoming a member of a professional nursing organization allows nurses to expand their clinical autonomy and â€Å"provide a structure for the exercise of autonomy and accountability to ensure that quality services will be provided by competent professionals† (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p. 63). A professional organization is â€Å"an organization of practitioners who judge one another as professionally competent and have banded together to perform social functions which they can perform in their separate capacity as individuals† (Creasia & Friberg, 2011, p 63. A professional nursing organization such as the American Association of Neuroscience Nurses requires its members to display specific core values and guiding principles that contribute to the â€Å"advancement of neuroscience nursing as a specialty through the development and support of nurses to promote excellence in patient care† (American Association of Neuroscience Nurses). The members of the AANN share values such as excellence, innovation, collaboration, integrity, and visionary. AANN members also think strategically in order to achieve the organization’s goals of advancement in nursing, are results-oriented and focus on outcomes by assessing â€Å"efficiency, effectiveness, impact, and qual ity; †¦use benchmarks and/or historical data when available to evaluate performance.† (AANN). It is not necessary to be a  RN to join the AANN, but it is a requirement that a member must be a RN in order to vote and hold office in the organization. Becoming a member of the AANN comes with a myriad of social and educational opportunities. The AANN has eight Special Focus Groups and they include: Advanced Practice Nurse, Epilepsy, Movement Disorders, Neuromuscular/MS, Neuro-oncology, Neurotrauma, Pediatrics, Spine, and Stroke. Membership also provides opportunities for volunteering, AANN publications, an ANA eMembership, education advancement, and a discount on fees for a CNRN certification. The AANN supports the Certified Neuroscience Registered Nurse (CNRN) certification and offers members assistance with fees in order to promote professional and education development of its members.. The CNRN certification is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Specialty Nursing Certification (ABSNC), helps hospitals achieve or maintain a Magnet status and a CNRN certified nurse is a high caliber nurse with a strong commitment to neuroscience nursing. Members are also associated with the many partnerships the AANN has secured such as the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, and alliances with the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA), the Neuroscience Nurses Foundation (NNF), We Move, the World Federation of Neuroscience Nurses (WFNN), the World Parkinson Congress, and many more. In the current issue of the Journal of Neuroscience Nursing there is an article that researched the factors that influence the decision of treatment options in MS patients. The study showed that there is a core theme when it comes to a MS patient’s decision about treatment. â€Å"The core theme included reflection about self-image, quality of life, goals, and being a person with MS† (Lowden, Virginia, & Ritchie2014). According to Lowden et. al (2014), common themes supporting this core theme were (a) weighing a deciding what’s important, (b) acknowledging the illness as part of oneself, (c) playing the mental ga me, (d) seeking credible resources, evaluating symptoms and fit with quality of life, and (f) managing the roles and involvement of family. The AANN participates in The Nursing Community in order to address specific nursing issues and promote the professional stature of nursing. The Nursing Community â€Å" is a forum for national professional nursing associations to  build consensus and advocate on a wide spectrum of healthcare and nursing issues, including practice, education, and research† (AANN). Another way the AANN promotes nursing professionalism is through its Advocacy Committee. The purpose of the Advocacy Committee is to â€Å"educate, inform, and encourage people interested in healthcare issues to become knowledgeable about the legislative process and become involved in health policy advocacy. Please use this information to take action to support neuroscience nurses to improve the nation’s healthcare system† (AANN). In order for an organization to promote professionalism there must be a role model that portrays the characteristics of a professional. The president of the AANN is Megan Keiser, RN DNP CNRN NP-C. Being not only a RN, receiving a CNRN certification, the president of the AANN, Megan Keiser, is also a Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). According to Creasia & Friberg, (2011), the extent to which the profession attracts and uses the people who earn the most respected advanced degrees and then gives those people the opportunity to be role models and spokespersons for nursing will determine how the profession will grow in viability, usefulness, and esteem. Works Cited American Association of Neuroscience Nurses. (nd).Retrieved from http://www.aann.org/about/content/aannboard.html Creasia, J. L. & Friberg, E.E. (Eds.). (2011). Conceptual foundations: The bridge to professional nursing practice (5th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Lowden, D., Lee, V., & Richie, J.A. (2014). Redefining Self: Patients’ Decision Making About Treatment for Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 46 (4), doi 1097/JNN.0000000000000064.

Case Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Analysis - Term Paper Example The human services workers are expected to adhere to the legal, ethical and moral expectations of their profession while making decisions in their everyday work. The workers must protect their clients’ rights and ensure human dignity in their practice (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2007). The current legal framework requires human services workers to offer their services without any discrimination or preference on the basis of color, culture, race, religion, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status (Woodside & McClam, 2009). The Civil Rights Act 1964 prohibits all manner of discrimination, and treat all clients equality despite their identifiable characteristics such as age or origin. The Child abuse prevention and treatment Act (CAPTA) 1974 fosters the rights of children and numerous states have enacted laws they protect child abuse and neglect. The situation requires me to protect the sexually abused child’s right to privacy and confidentiality according to the federal, state and local laws on confidentiality. For instance, I am expected to take safe custody of the child records and refrain exposing information regarding the sex abuse suffered by the child in order to prevent further harm (Timmons, 2013). The profession regulatory requires me to consider t he conflict of the values of obeying the law and values of serving the clients thus, I will assist the child in reporting the sexual offenders to the law enforcement agencies (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2007). Furthermore, I am expected to demonstrate sensitivity to cultural diversity and appreciate the different cultural values of the child in making an informed decision on the welfare of the child. Statement 4 of the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) requires the human services workers to protect the safety of clients who are in danger of any harm through seeking consultation,

Zinns Primary Points Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zinns Primary Points - Essay Example These people are faced by ethnic and religious conflict. Therefore, Zinn’s primary points on this include â€Å"there is no pennant great enough to face the indignity of killing blameless people.† He also observed that in the past, the most terrible things have come up not from insubordination but obedience. Zinn points out that you cannot have a war on violence while violence itself is a war (155). According to Zinn, dispute beyond the law is not an exit from democracy rather, it is enormously essential to it. It is also a notable point that simple actions, once multiplied by millions of citizens can change the whole world (158). He also observes that, and in such a humanity of disagreement, a world of fatalities and executioners, it is the work of rational people, to be against the executioners (355) My thought on these primary points is that Howard zinn had keenly observed and came into a conclusion that, in the modern world people are so much interested in what they can achieve on their own, as well as the struggle to go up the socio economic ladder. Evidently, people have done terrible things out of their own will and hurt so many individuals, all for selfish gains. This could only have avoided. Development of racism Racism exists when a single ethnic group dominates or seeks to exclude another because they have different believes that are hereditary and cannot be altered. Ideological grounds for unequivocal racism came to an exceptional fruition in the west throughout the modern time. However, there is no comprehensible evidence of racism in other cultures. Never the less, Zinn argues that the classification of the Jews with the evil spirit is a sign chauvinistic view of the human race (455). Different cultures are associated with different things and happenings that make the world view them differently. It was during the period of reformation and renaissance that the Europeans met the people from Africa and Asia and the Americans judged the m. Evidently, The Americans viewed Africans as dirty people, an argument that was based on their skin color. Moreover, Americans did not believe in being ruled by Africans because they had a low opinion towards them. The culmination of the history racism emerged in the twentieth century during the racist regime. Apparently, in South America the Africans were denied the right to vote which put them to a subordinate case class. Howard Zinn further observes that extreme racism misinformation is where by black men were seen as greedy monster lusting and running after white women for their money (473). Consequently, there were strict laws against any sexual relations among whites and the so-called black Africans. This evidently brought out the inequity that existed between blacks and the whites hence the whole idea of racism. I strongly agree with Zinn’s Explanation of the development of racism. This is because the idea of racism began as a simple discrimination and ended up creat ing a big gap between cultures. People concentrated on fighting each other. Were it not for this people could live like brothers, which was the initial intention of God. Consequently, the cause of racism is an important factor to be considered because most people are judged according to where they live, cars they drive, and how much they earn. Therefore, this may make people think that the black Africans are generally poor due to their large number in terms of population. On the other hand, racism makes people feel incapable hence do not give their all. In addition, young children who thrive in these areas do not get to relate with kids from other races, which limits them in terms of what they can learn from each other. Major themes raised by Zinn Zinn’

Critical annotated webliography Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Critical webliography - Annotated Bibliography Example or problem of public health among adolescents in Ireland, due to the fact that it exacerbates the respiratory conditions, decreases the lung volumes’ growth when the lung is exposed to smoke before maximum growth and is also an independent risk factor for the lung cancer. The quote above indicates the extent of effect tobacco smoking has had on the young people. This trend should be discouraged at all costs. The website reports that studies have proved that smoking initiation at an early stage in life poses a greater risk of cancer, years of tobacco smoking and independent of tobacco smoking intensity, due to the mutation of the cell in the underdeveloped tissue resulting to the malignant potential in the long run. According to the department of Health, â€Å"the Government approved the principle of prohibiting smoking in cars with children present† (Web). Indeed, this is a clear prove that smoking among young people is of a great concern. In a nutshell, this website has adequate information that will be useful to the researcher when carrying out research on tobacco smoking. Moreover, the quote above has highlighted some of the measures put in place to ensure that there is a reduction in smoking by the young people. These measures are significant and more should be put in place. This website is relevant when carrying out research on tobacco smoking since it contains studies that have been carried out on the various aspect of tobacco smoking including its dangers. Reported in the website, the Department of Children and Health in Ireland came up with a policy document that was titled Ireland a Smoke Free Zone: Towards a Tobacco Free Society. The policy document was formulated with an aim of reducing the smoking levels within the Irish society in order to prevent children from developing smoking habits. There are five main priority areas that were identified in the context of young people and the children reducing the smoking rates as well as the effects of the

MPAA Censorship Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MPAA Censorship - Research Paper Example MPAA is alternate to federal regulation of motion picture content by United States government. This is because America lagged behind other countries in implementing motion picture rating. After the desertion of Production Codes in the 1950s, (Acland, 2009) movies became explicit all in the name of expressing realism. The realism movement had its significant contribution to the film industry and disadvantages. Realism movement boasts of production of great and timeless movies like Psycho directed by Alfred Hitchcock. However, it also gave arise to low-budget films that became extremely graphic in their sexual and violence content. The brutal and vicious content of movies such as Straw Dogs directed by Sam Peckinpah startled and troubled most conservative Americans. Moreover, a sequence of movies released later buried the realism movement to its grave by their obscene content. Due to this, a form of regulation had to be established, resulting to the birth of Motion Picture Association of America. In addition, National Association of Theater Owners consented to implement uniform rating system to all the movies shown. The distributors and exhibitors would enforce the system (Sklar, 2009). . The MPAA rates movies according to their content. It assists consumers especially parents to select appropriate movies for their children in different age groups. MPAA works in association with major movie production studios in America like, Warner Brothers, Paramount Pictures, Universal Studio and many others. The core functions of this rating system body includes, control and of distribution of movies, fighting unlawful copying of films and managing film ratings (Balio, 2000). Submission of movies for rating should be voluntary. Despite this, some producers prefer not to submit their films for rating to avoid incurring losses. To reinforce the submission on movies MPAA has a de facto obligatory position in the film industry. Since independent films do not focus on entertainmen t but rather on the artistic and aesthetic values of a film, they do not submit their films to the rating system. Independent filmmakers argue that their films require no distribution since they already have an existing consumer base. Hence, submission of their films to the rating system incurs unnecessary expenditure. When it comes to the rating process, MPAA does not have publication of a standard requirement of words, actions, or exposed body parts that filmmakers should incorporate in their films to get PG-13 rating (Balio, 2000). If a film contains use of drugs and callous sexually derived words, it gets a PG-13 rating. However, if the film uses such words a couple of times it gets an R rating. After rating, a film, the members submit their verdict to the producer of the film. The producer has the will to re-edit the film or appeal to the Appeals Board of the rating system if the results are not satisfactory. To avoid wrangles during the rating process movie publishers state th e desired MPAA rating with the movie producer. Some of the main rating categories MPAA uses to rate movie include- G— a film to that gets a G-rating should have mild humor. It should not have any form of crude language. There should be no nudity or sex scenes. Drug use and violence should not be present in the motion picture. PG—

The Role of Mentors in Evaluating the Quality of Students Nursing Essay

The Role of Mentors in Evaluating the Quality of Students Nursing Practice - Essay Example In talking about the role played by mentors in pre-registration of nurses, Pellat maintains that the practice experience is a most important aspect of preparing nursing students for registration. The current programmes are aimed at enhancing this practice with careful support and supervision. Mentors play a very crucial role in supporting nursing students in practice. The quality of mentorship is highly valuable during this time, and raises an attention because it is the mentors who assess students’ competence for practice at the time of registration. Prince also says that Mentoring offers students an opportunity to instruct, a characteristic of their own professional development and a stepping stone towards career paths. Mentors act as role models. As a mentor, one is required to provide the student with support and guidance in the area of practice. He/she should enable the student to make the practice realistic through applying the theories learnt, assessing and giving effec tive feedback and enhancing revision of the practice, performances and lessons learnt (Pellatt, 2006,336 – 340) and (Prince ,2004) The Royal college of Nursing toolkit provides basics of mentorship in that Mentors must ensure students are fit for purpose which means the ability to perform effectively in practice, for practice-fulfill registration requirements and award; have the qualification of being awarded a diploma or a degree. As role models, mentors should assist students develop skills and confidence, enhance professionalism and lay an appropriate level of inspection. It is the mentors’ responsibility to be prepared to undertake the role, to share their knowledge with the mentee, to be conversant with the students’ curriculum and practice assessment documentation and identify areas of specialization and learning opportunities. Morton and Palmer add that Mentoring goes beyond the individual relationship between the mentor and the student. It is within this framework of accountability and responsibility for professional standards that is implicit within the individual’s practice and that of the employer. This makes the mentors feel secure in their role of supporting that is implemented at local level (Royal College of Nursing Toolkit 2007, 5-10 and Morton and Palmer, 2000). Outcomes of Mentoring Spouse asserts that the stages of mentoring portray acyclic process or a continuum based on the individual’s development stages as he/she matures into the career or professionalism. Mentoring is part of being a leader, the same way as developing ones leadership abilities. In mentoring, first the mentor and mentee needs to establish an open relationship with each other. Each stage of mentorship is an experience in life that brings new crises and challenges. Having experienced this, one knows what to expect and it is this knowledge that helps others go through the career challenges. The benefits of mentee, mentor and the organizati on are: quicker learning curves, increased communication of corporate values, increased loyalty, improved employee productivity and improved one on one communication (Spouse, 1996 32-35). People who have

Management acounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management acounting - Essay Example 220.5 (A) W7. Material M7 usage variance = ((2,100 ?0.68) – 1,470) ?1.75 =?73.5 (A) W8. Direct labour rate variance = (7.2 ?525) – 3,675 =?105.0 (F) W9. Direct labour efficiency variance = ((2,100 ?14/60) – 525) ? 7.2 =?252.0 (A) W10. Variable overhead expenditure variance = (2.1 ?525) – 1,260 =?157.5 (A) W11. Variable overhead efficiency variance = ((2,100 ? 14/60) – 525) ? 2.1 =?73.5 (A) Budgeted fixed production overhead = 497 ? 9= ?4,473 W12 Fixed production overhead expenditure variance = 4,473 – 4,725 = ?252.0 (A) Standard hours for actual production = 2,100 ?14/60 = 490 hours W13 Fixed production overhead efficiency variance = (490 – 525) ? 9 = ?315 (A) Fixed production overhead capacity variance = (497 – 525) ?9 = ?252 (F) b) Discuss how the operating statement can assist managers in (1) Controlling variable cost Variable cost refers to operating expenses that vary in ratio to the business activity. Examples of variable cost include in our case include Direct material, direct labor and variable production overhead. Operating statement does assist managers in controlling variable cost in the following ways. Measuring actual cost marks the beginning of controlling cost. This is followed by variance calculation that is meant to show the difference actual and budgeted/standard costs. Managers will be given these reports on variances since they have got duty to use the report on the day to day running of the business (Riahi, 2001). The manager can use the report given to him to decide whether the company needs to take action of bringing actual costs back. The operating statements for our case will play a role in providing information to managers that helps in decision-making procedure (Coombs, et, al 2005). The statement helps in quantifying the effect of the difference in volume between actual sales and budgeted sales. This means that comparison between budgeted cost of the actual output and the actual cost of the actual output will be made hence it helps to differentiate clearly between actual and planned performance. This helps management by exclusion because these mangers can now turn their energy on other important areas so that they can achieve the best results in relation to achieving actual performance. Variable costs do get affected in control terms during short period of time hence an operating system for the previous month indicating variable cost variances will outline areas where the organization needs action (Coombs, et, al 2005). For instance, managers can improve labour efficiency using different ways e.g. by training or reducing staff actions that do not aid production process. For our case, direct labour efficiency variance of ?252.0, which is 7.2%, could be reduced. Direct labour variance is given by the difference between labour flexed budget and actual results. The managers can break this down into labour rate variance and labour efficiency variance. This will help the company know what they paid for hours they actually used in comparison to what they budgeted for (Coombs, et, al 2005). On the other hand labour efficiency variance will indicate how much labour the organization used compared to what it thought it could have used. This can be illustrated from the analysis of the company’s operating statement for instance we are given direct labour rate variance to be ?105 which is favorable according to Ash plc producers. On the other hand, direct labour efficiency variance in the same company is ?252 which indicates adversity in the running

The evangelist included the signs in order to make people believe Essay Example for Free

The evangelist included the signs in order to make people believe Essay There is much speculation from scholars as to why John chose to include the signs, which are unique to the fourth gospel. Broadly speaking, there are two main views. The first is that the signs were intended purely to be accurate accounts of Jesus miracles, featuring historically and topographically factual details. The second, and perhaps more widely held, is that John had an evangelistic purpose in mind when he wrote the signs: he wanted to make his readers believe. John chooses to use the word semeia, meaning signs, rather than the dunameis (mighty act, used in the synoptics) to denote the miracles that Jesus performs. Whereas act is a word firmly rooted in a particular place and timeframe, the word sign evokes the idea of the miracles pointing to something else, or foretelling a future event. It implies a greater role and purpose to Jesus miracles than the acts themselves, a divine scheme, thus helping the reader see the link between Jesus (who looks like an ordinary person) and the Father. Johns choice of words alone suggests he wanted the signs to be seen by the reader in a theological light, not an historical one. In fact, John explicitly says of the signs: These are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name. (John 20:31) Tasker mentions that some scholars in the past believed this statement to be a later addition to the gospel, by a later author or redactor. However, since there is no evidence for this, it is necessary to assume that the original author of Johns gospel wrote the statement themselves. For this reason, it cannot be denied that one of, if not the, main purpose of the signs is to fulfil an evangelistic role. Some might argue that there are parts of the signs that seem to contradict this purpose. For example, neither the third or fourth sign ends with true faith from those involved. In the third sign, the Healing at the Pool, the crippled man does not embrace Christs teachings but instead goes straight to the Jewish authorities, and even tries to shift blame onto Jesus for disregarding the rules of the Sabbath. At the end of the fourth sign, the Feeding of the 5,000, the crowd tries to make Jesus king by force. They do not understand that, as Sanders and Mastin put it, Jesus was a king, buthis kinship was not of this world. Both signs three and four end in the same way: with Jesus quietly leaving the scene, because he has failed to inspire people to faith as he had hoped. Although these signs do result in negative outcomes, they are quite possibly a tool John has deliberately employed to help his readers understand the nature of faith. By giving clear examples of people not recognising Christ as the Messiah, either by falling back on the comfortable familiarity of Judaism (as did the crippled man) or misunderstanding the nature of Jesus authority (like the crowd that were fed), the reader is better able to understand what it means to believe. They can also empathise with Jesus frustration at the fact that he is not producing the effect he intended, even having performed great miracles before peoples eyes, and so begin to know Jesus as a person as well as his divinity. Another objection to the statement in the title is that John includes many details that seem to serve no other purpose than to document the particulars of the sign. For example, in the third sign, there is mention of the Sheep Gate at the Pool in Bethsaida, the five stone colonnades and the fact that the man in question had been crippled for 38 years. However, these are not necessarily included by John for the sake of being historically and topographically accurate. Some details could be symbolic. For example, Marsh suggests that the 38 years could be a deliberate parallel to the 40 days that Moses spent wandering the desert. This parallel might be intended as a subtle message to the reader that Christ has fulfilled Judaism, making it good, just as Jesus makes the crippled man better in the sign. The details that John includes in the signs may also be a way of validating them and convincing the reader that Jesus miracles did take place. It seems that the title claim is justified, and that Johns main purpose for the signs was in fact to make his readers believe. Not only is it explicitly stated in John 20:31, but there is evidence for it throughout the signs. Whilst it appears at first that the gospel being a theological piece of writing and it being an accurate account are mutually exclusive, the two attributes do overlap. As Marsh notes, the historical and topographical details in John often give rise to symbolism and provoke theological thought, and can be just as important as the fictitious component of the signs in encouraging faith in the reader.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Health And Social Care Essay Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is an incapacitating multifarious disorder that renders the victim fatigued for longer periods. It has been realized that this kind of disorder is not solved by bed rest and is usually aggravated by mental and physical activities. People suffering from CFS have been seen to be unable to perform tasks that they were to do it comfortably before the illness. The most noticeable features of this disorder include pain in the muscle, weakness, impaired memory, and poor concentration. In addition, the victims are generally weak and some of them show evidences of insomnia (Bell, 1995). This disorder may persist for a long period. Diagnostic tests have not been able to clearly point out the possible causes of this disorder. This is because of the fact that some illnesses have symptoms related to this disorder and we cannot confine those symptoms to this particular disorder alone (Verrillo, Gellman, 1988). Any infection to the immune system taken to be the possi ble cause of CFS and microorganism play a major role in causing it. Any form of immune-suppression is also seen a factor that compromises an individual to this disorder (Fisher et al 1997). Introduction Absence of specific diagnostic characteristic features of CFS, a criterion has been formulated that helps physicians in detecting the disorder. One of the most commonly used criteria is the one that requires the victim to show the possible symptoms for a period of more than six months. This is because the physician will have had enough time to diagnose other possible ailments and thereby reaching the point of excluding the disorder much easily (Murdoch Denz-Penhey, 2002). Additionally, the patient is expected to show any of the four symptoms, which may include frequently occurring sore throat, muscle pain, impairment of the patient to the extent of affecting the normal economic activities of the patient and unrefreshing sleep (Lisman Dougherty, 2007). Other symptoms that can be used include pain in all the joints of the body, severe headache that recurs in some pattern, and post-exertional depression. The purpose of this study is to find out some of the predisposing factors for thi s disorder. Additionally, the causes, symptoms, ways of diagnosing this disease will be identified (Moss-Morris Petrie, 2000). Suggested treatments will be provided so that the healthy population can know more on how to avoid this disorder. Various studies have been carried with the intention of trying to find ways of finding definite symptoms for this disorder. One of these studies was carried out in 1993 with the intention of improving on the ways of diagnosing the disease as it had been decided earlier in 1988. The aim of the study in 1993 was to reinvent new strategies of that can lead to faster diagnosis of the disorder (Lisman Dougherty, 2007). Some of the recommendations from the researches at that time was to classify the fatigue to different levels as can be depicted by the victims. Those with less than six months infection for instance were classified as having chronic fatigue while those with more than six months symptoms were classified as having relapsing fatigue. The patients could also be classified as having gradual or sudden fatigue, among other distinguishing parameters (Fisher et al 1997). A number of predisposing factors have been identified as it regards to CFS. It is also important to note the greater portion of the American population have similar symptoms related to this disorder but cannot be classified as CFS (Meirleir Patarca-Montero, 2000). Some of the factors that promote the risks of having the disorder include age, gender, and socioeconomic groups. It has been found that CFS affects women at a higher rate four times than men (Voncannon, 2002). In addition, individuals with the age between 40 to 50 years have been found to be having CFS. It is also important to note that children can be found with the disorder especially in their teen years and this show that the disease affects any age (Fisher et al 1997). Some of the important symptoms for CFS include prolonged fatigue that extends to a period over six months. Such a fatigue is not reduced by any amount of rest. Other notable characteristics of this disorder include post-exertional disquiet, pain in the muscles, pain in the multiple joints, lack of concentration, sleep that does not refresh, and headache that comes with some pattern (Englebienne, 2002). Additionally, the throat the regularly becomes sore and presence swellings in the lymph, chronic cough, nausea, weight loss, skin sensations, and jaw pain. Psychological problems, shortness of breath, and chest pain are also important symptoms of the disease (Moss-Morris Petrie, 2000). A number of factors makes it hard for physicians to diagnose CFS and includes the lack of laboratory diagnostic technique or biomarkers. Other reasons include the fact that fatigue is a common symptom for all other illnesses, patients do not look sick while the pattern of illness is not constant. This has led to the low level of diagnosis for this particular disorder. Exclusion technique is the best method to diagnose CFs disorder due to lack blood tests or scans for the brain (Leonard, 1997). Diagnosis has to be carried out for period extending six months where the patient can report sufficient evidence of being constantly tired. The physician has to take enough history of the illness of the patient who may be suspected of having CFS (Royal College of Physicians of London, 1997). Medical history has to be reviewed also in order to identify and rule out the possible illnesses that might have been the cause of the fatigue. This is done until CFS is ultimately pointed out. The physicia n can later develop a treatment for the patient. It is also possible for patients to diagnose themselves by eliminating the possible causes of the illnesses just like physician (Englebienne, 2002). The process of managing the chronic CFS is very tricky just like the diagnosis itself because of the variety of the symptoms. Currently, there is no drug or cure for this disorder and such factors complicate the treatment process (Demitrack Abbey, 1999). This means that the best way of managing it by developing an individualized treatment plan for every patient. The best plan comprises a collection of therapies each aimed at managing the symptoms shown by the patient. Input by range medical professional experts is the best solution and when this is coupled with the treatment of other illnesses then the disorder can be managed easily (Lisman Dougherty, 2007). Living with CFS is very tricky and having the chronic type can result in significant devastating effects on the victim. Some of the challenges facing the success of treating CFS include the change and predictability of the symptoms, variations in the stamina that interferes with someone elseà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s a ctivities, altered memory, loss of independence, and potential impacts on decreased sexual activities among couples (Bell, 1995). Some of the treatment options that is available for CFS and they include professional counseling, cognitive behavioral therapy, and symptomatic treatment. Additionally, pharmacologic therapy, sleep hygiene, pain therapy, and use of antidepressants can help in suppressing the effects of CFS (Demitrack Abbey, 1999). It is however important to keep in mind the fact that the disorder affects individuals in a different way. Some people may be paralyzed for good while others can recover fully from the disorder (Verrillo, Gellman, 1988). It is also hard to obtain accurate results as it regard the number of individuals who have recovered from CFS. Natural remedies can also be employed to boost an individualà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s body energy thereby suppressing chronic fatigue (Leonard, 1997). Variety of products can be used and they include magnesium injection of muscles with low red blood cells magnesium, taking meals rich in fish oil, and melatonin. Other remedies that have show positive response in suppressing the effects of chronic fatigue syndrome include taking of melatonin, ribose, and NADH rich food (Patarca-Montero, 1999). The studies carried on the foods are however, limited and no accurate data can be easily found. Some of the drugs used to counter the effects of chronic fatigue disorder include the use of corticosteroids, and cholinesterase inhibitors like the galantamine (Fisher et al 1997). Methylphenidate like Ritalin, which is a psychostimulant that is used to increase the levels of neurotransmitters thereby helping individuals with attention-deficit disorder, can be used. Some lifestyle techniques can also be employed to counter this disorder and this includes developing a plan that will help is stress reduction, ensuring that the patient gets enough slee p, exercising regularly and maintaining healthy lifestyle. The lifestyle includes eating balanced diets, drinking plenty of fluids, limiting caffeine intake, and participating in aerobics (Meirleir Mcgregor, 2003). Conclusion Chronic fatigue syndrome is more than just being tired because the affected individual is interfered from performing their daily activities in a normal way. Other individuals have been forced to quit high paying jobs, several disabled and others bedridden. The nature of this illness shows that it is even hard to diagnose it (Bell, 1995). Trial and error method of eliminating other possible ailments complicates the diagnostic process. The best remedy therefore is for individuals to live the kind of lifestyles that do not promotes the predisposing factors of the disorder (Voncannon, 2002). This includes living the kind of lifestyle that discourages the development of the disorder. It is also important for physicians to improve their way of diagnosing the disease so that they can be able to come up with comprehensive treatment strategies (Meirleir Patarca-Montero, 2000).

Factors Effecting Cardiac Output Physical Education Essay

Factors Effecting Cardiac Output Physical Education Essay Inotropy can have positive or negative effect on the heart, especially the ventricles. There are few factors that can influence inotropy; this can either be neuronal, hormonal. The neuronal influence is predominately from the autonomic nerves, either the parasympathetic or the sympathetic nerves and these have both negative and positive effect on inotropy. However, other influences come from some drugs which have positive or negative effect on inotropy. This will consequently affect the cardio output by changing the state of for example ESV, preload, stroke volume and heart rate. All of these factors are related and depend on each other. Section A: The autonomic nerves are divided into two, parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves. The sympathetic nerves cause a positive inotropy. It does this by releasing norpinephrine by the postganlionic fibers and the secretion of epinephrine from adrenal medulla. These hormones, norpinephrine and epinephrine, causes the cardiac muscle cell metabolism. Hence, the contraction and the force of contraction in the cardiac muscle increase. This increases because of special types of receptors called adrenergic receptors found on the plasma membrane of the cardiac muscle cells. There are two types; one is called the alpha receptors and the other type is called the beta receptors. These receptors bind to and recognise both norepinephrine and epinephrine. Because of the cardiac muscle cells contraction increases this will cause the ventricles to contract harder. This will decrease the end systolic volume, because the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles increases. The other types of nerves that influence the inotropy are called parasympathetic nerves. The parasympathetic stimulation from the vagus causes the release of acetylcholine (ACh), which is a neurotransmitter. The ACh binds to two types of receptors; they are known as the muscarinic and nicotinic cholinergic receptors. There are different types of mascarinic receptors; and the M2 muscarinic receptors are specific for the heart. These receptors work by maintaining the heart to stay at its constant state. When the ACh is released it binds to M2 mascurinic receptors. Therefore, after the reactions occur between the M2 mascurinic receptors and the ACh, the effect it has on the heart is that it reduces the heart rate; it also reduces the action potential produced by the SA node and the AV node. However, it also affects the heartà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability to contract. Both the arterial and ventricular muscle cells are innervated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. However, in the ventricular muscle cells, the parasympathetic nerves have more compact than the sympathetic nerves. For these reasons the parasympathetic stimulation has a negative effect on the inotropy. Beside the parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulations having influence on the inotropic state; there are few hormones, described above, and drugs that can also influence the inotropic state of the heart. As mentioned above, epinephrine, which is released from the adrenal gland, and norepinephrine, which is released from the sympathetic nerves, increases the heart rate. This has a positive effect on the inotropic state of the heart. However, there are few drugs that have the opposite effect of the norepinephrine and epinephrine; these drugs are known as antagonist, because they block the action of the hormones. Some examples of such drugs are propanolol and digoxin. Propranolol works by blocking the beta adrenergic receptors that binds with epinephrine. This means that epinephrine cannot longer bind to these receptors, so therefore its effects are no longer seen and blocked. This is why propranolol and drugs similar to it are called beta-blockers. The actions seen by these drugs on the heart is that it slows down the heart rate. When the ventricles contract with great deal of force, the ventricles have to overcome some sort of tension; this tension is known as afterload and comes from the aorta pressure. Therefore, if the afterload is increased, this will mean the ventricular muscle cells will contract for longer period. Hence, the greater the end systolic volume will be; this is because the blood ejected is less and this will reduce the stroke volume, which means cardiac output will decrease as well. This mechanism only happens when the inotropy is increased and this can be done by hormonal or anatomic stimulation influence. On the other hand, a reduced inotropic sate, in this case the afterload is increased as well, will have the opposite effect on the end systolic volume. Section B: The preload is directly proportional to the end diastolic volume; therefore if there is an increase in the preload, there is an increase in the end diastolic volume. Basically what preload does is that it affects the cardiac muscle cellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ability of creating tension. So this means during systole, during the contraction of the ventricular muscle cells, the force produced increases and is forceful. Therefore increasing inotropy, by hormones such as epinephrine or stimulation from the autonomic nervous system, will increase in the force of contraction of the ventricles. Another way the inotropy can be increased depends on the amount of blood that is returned to the heart, which is known as the venous return. This can for example be caused by excise; this will increase the venous return and which will increase the end diastolic volume. Hence the increase of end diastolic volume will cause the increase of both stroke volume and cardiac output. What the venous return does is that it stretches the ventricular muscle cells because of the more blood. So this means the sacromere length will increase so does the tension. This results in the contraction of the ventricular muscle cells with greater force and the ejection of more blood. Thus, an increase in the preload will cause an increase in end diastolic volume; so therefore stroke volume is increased and cardiac output. This mechanism is known as the Frank-Starling law; this law basically states that the more the heart is stretched, the harder the heart contracts to eject more blood. When the ventricles contract with great deal of force, the ventricles have to overcome some sort of tension; this tension is known as afterload and comes from the aorta pressure. Therefore, if the afterload is increased, this will mean the ventricular muscle cells will contract for longer period. Hence, the greater the end systolic volume will be; this is because the blood ejected is less and this will reduce the stroke volume, which means cardiac output will decrease as well. This mechanism only happens when the inotropy is increased and this can be done by hormonal or anatomic stimulation influence. On the other hand, a reduced inotropic sate, in this case the afterload is increased as well, will have the opposite effect on the end systolic volume. The contractility of the heart can, especially the ventricles, can have a great deal on the pressure and the development tension on the ventricles. This has an effect on the ejection fraction, because the inotropy changes the amount of blood ejected from the ventricles. There are two types of factors that increase the inotropic state. The types are either said to have positive inotropic or negative inotropic. In order for the cardiac muscles cells to contract, the sarcoplasmic reticulum has to release Ca2+ .What causes the contraction of the cardiac cells are the entry of Ca2+ into the cells. Therefore what the positive inotropic does is that it increases the amount of Ca2+ that enter into the cardiac muscle cells. This increases the stroke volume and lowers the ESV which in return increases the cardiac output. An example of this is the sympathetic stimulation on the heart. However, the negative inotropic has the opposite effect. This can for example be the parasympathetic stimulation; basically this will block the entry of the Ca2+ into the cardiac muscle cells. Thus the ejection fraction is reduced which leads to an increase on the ESV; hence the stroke volume decrease and cardiac output as well. The heart rate is defined as the number of times the heart beats in one minutes. In a normal person at rest beats as 70 beats per minutes. The body controls the heart rate different ways that might increase or decrease heart rate. Activities from the parasympathetic nerves decreases the heart rate, basically what happens is that stimulations sent from the parasympathetic nerves to the heart decreases heart rate; whereas the sympathetic nerves have the opposite effect. The effect seen from this is that the pacemaker potential decreases due to a decrease in the F-type sodium ions. This means the threshold is reached more slowly than it is normally, thus heart rate decreases and consequently the cardiac out decreases as well. Heart rate can also be affected by hormonal influence. One primarily example is the release of epinephrine which is released from adrenal medulla. This hormone basically acts on the receptors found on beta-adrenergic receptors in the SA node. These receptors normally accept norepinephrine, which is released from the neurons. The effect of these hormones is that it increases the heart rate, hence the cardiac output.

Vonneguts Cats Cradle :: Vonnegut Cats Cradle

Vonnegut's Cat's Cradle vs Our Assumptions Regarding War, Progress, and Religion If one of Vonnegut's purposes for writing is "to poison minds with humanity" (qtd. by Scholes, per Griffin), then the weapon of choice in Cat's Cradle, is satire. Cat's Cradle "poison[s] minds" only by revealing the toxins that are already present in the system. Vonnegut's brand of satire serves as a sort of syrup of ipecac on human folly, and if we are "to make a better world" as he would have it, we should understand how truly virulent human enterprise can be. Cat's Cradle holds no punches on conventionally held beliefs and opinions. Whether in regard to religion or science, business or government, sex or war, all topics are at the mercy of Vonnegut's lampooning. The issue of religion is certainly a major target for Vonnegut, and he ingeniously uses irony to satirize religious folly. Cat's Cradle introduces the new, non-religious religion of Bokononism, which, according to its own doctrine, is entirely based on lies (14). By merely asserting that Bokononism is a more truthful religion because it is based on lies, it becomes as error-ridden as any other religion, including Christianity. An example of this is in Chapter 3, not coincidentally entitled "Folly." Here, we are introduced to an Episcopalian woman who claims to "understand God and His Ways of Working perfectly" (13). When John (or Jonah) discovers that this woman cannot read a simple blueprint for a doghouse, he sarcastically suggests that she ask someone to get God to explain it t o her, and in her anger at his effrontery, the woman fires him. John ends the chapter by stating "she was a fool, and so am I, and so is anyone who thinks he sees what God is Doing" (13). All of this is correct according to Bokonon, we are reminded (13), but we mustn't forget that Bokononism is a religion based on lies.

Intend to Study Abroad :: College Admissions Essays

I Intend to Study Abroad    On one hot late-summer day when I was in high school, my parents came back from a shopping trip with a surprise present for me: the legendary board game, Diplomacy. At first I scoffed at such an old-fashioned game. Who would want to waste glorious sunny days moving armies around a map of pre-World War I Europe, pretending to be Bismarck or Disraeli? But after playing the game once, I became absolutely riveted by the nuances of statecraft, and soon began losing sleep as I tried to craft clever diplomatic gambits, hatch devious schemes, and better understand the game's ever-changing dynamics. As my friends and I spent the second half of the summer absorbed by the game, my parents grinned knowingly. How could I resist being fascinated with Diplomacy, they asked me, when I incessantly read about international affairs, and liked nothing more than debating politics over dinner? How could I resist being fascinated, when I had spent most of my summers in Greece (and, much more briefly, Franc e and England), witnessing first-hand the ways in which countries differ socially, culturally, and politically?    Though my passion for foreign policy and international affairs undoubtedly dates back to high school, I never had the chance to fully develop this interest before college. Once I arrived at Harvard, however, I discovered that I could learn about international relations through both my academics and my extracurricular activities. Academically, I decided to concentrate in Government, and, within Government, to take classes that elucidated the forces underlying the relations of states on the world stage. Some of the most memorable of these classes included Human Rights, in which we discussed what role humanitarian concerns ought to play in international relations; Politics of Western Europe, in which I learned about the social, economic, and political development of five major European countries; and Causes and Prevention of War, which focused on unearthing the roots of conflict and finding out how bloodshed could have been avoided. Currently, for my senior thesis, I am investigating th e strange pattern of American human rights-based intervention in the post-Cold War era, and trying to determine which explanatory variables are best able to account for it.    Interestingly, I think that I have learned at least as much about international relations through my extracurriculars in college as I have through my classes.

Morrisons Swot Essay

Richard Hammond, use of familiar face to advertise the company in a celebrity obsessive society. †¢Emphasis on procuring and distribution of quality British product at competitive price compared to competitors †¢Acquisition of new stores and expansion of the company, steady rise in company profits in recent years Weakness: †¢Company focus mostly on food products while the market share for daily goods, accessories and pharmaceutical are being over taken by competitors . i. e. Tesco, Asda †¢The economic crisis- means possible customers cannot afford to spend their income quickly and will prefer for a better value before making sale †¢The company as many other major supermarkets are essentially working in a negative working capital meaning its always in debt †¢Company lagging behind in implementing its digital services to its customers compared to the major competitors such as Tesco who’ve had their online service operation for several years now †¢Globalization means cheaper and equally quality product can and are being sold by the stores competitors at competitive price Opportunity: †¢Branching out into other business ventures like pharmaceuticals, opticians, electronics, entertainment goods, clothes and many more †¢Focusing more on customer satisfaction and ease of convenience in order to portray the company in a positive manner †¢Special deals and offers on common consumer goods as in food stuff & hygiene, during such economic instability to present solidarity and understanding towards the customers Threats: Adverse weather conditions such as snow storms and heavy rain, etc over major sales season may result in poor profit margins †¢ Due to external geo-political pressure i. e. new rules and regulations brought in by the E. U may result in heavy loss of possible income †¢Recent economic crisis means the loss of hundreds of thousands of job and business loss, directly affecting the spending power of would be customers who may look for cheaper alternatives to a supermarket †¢Competitors from major European supermarket Losing valuable suppliers and fianancial aid from banks due to the economic crisis

Pakistan and Policy Essay

National integration is unity in diversity. It means a feeling of oneness. It implies social, political, economic, linguistic and cultural unity. It is the development of a mental climate that would help reacts in terms of oneness, irrespective of the region, language or religion of the people concerned. It means a heaven of freedom where the world has not been divided into fragments by narrow domestic wells. It is based on feeling of oneness, common ideals of life and a common code of behavior. It implies confidence in nation’s future, deep sense of values and obligation of citizenship, mutual understanding and respect for the culture of different sections of the nation. Need for National Integration National integration is the feeling that binds the citizens of a country. Its aim is to put individual’s best efforts for the optimum growth, prosperity and welfare of the country as a whole. It does away with inter-state, inter-linguistic, inter-religious and inter-cultural differences. It promotes a spirit of tolerance and respect for the view-point of other cultural groups. To Kanungo, â€Å"Every country at every time needs national integration but India needs it the most.† India’s passing through a critical period these days. The integrity of India is in danger. Therefore Indians will have to act carefully. In India national integration is needed due to following reasons: Threat of Foreign Aggression National integration is vital for India’s survival especially at a time when the country is under the threat of foreign aggression and internally the people are divided on the basis of castes, religions, regions, communities, languages and Races For the Development of National Character National integration is an essential element for the development of national character. These days there is lack of national character. Corruption is increasing day-by-day. We are sacrificing national interests for the sake of money. National character can be formed only when we have the feeling of national integration. For Success of Democracy India is a democratic country. National integration is an essential pre-requisite for the success of our democracy. It is a basic need for the success of democracy; otherwise, the fissiparous tendencies in the country may lead to serious consequences. For Diversity National unity is essential for any country at any time. There is unity in diversity in India but now unity is in danger. Therefore, national unity is essential in order to maintain the eternal value of unity in diversity. For Peace National integration is essential for keeping peace at national and international level. Modern age is the age of science. It has changed the whole world in a family. Every nation is dependent on one another. Therefore, scientific achievement should be used for constructive work in order to provide peace to humanity. This feeling can develop only when we have the thought of national integration.

Persuasive Speech Outline

Persuasive Speech Outline – Ghost I. Introduction: A. Attention-Getter: Do you believe in ghost or the existence of the afterlife? B. Link-to Audience: You may not even believe that actually ghosts are everywhere around us, but, they are. C. Speaker Credibility: I am here today to share with all of you my research on ghost. D. Thesis Sentence: I will convince you that the existence of ghost is real. E. Preview of Speech: Firstly, I would like to define ghost. Then I’ll begin with explaining some old folks’ â€Å"rumours† or â€Å"saying†.Then I would like to share with you an article of a Doctor’s experience of the afterlife. Transition: Let's begin with a question. II. Definition A. Ghost is defined as the spirit of a person that has died. Transition: Most of you heard of other people’s supernatural experiences such as a ghost possessed and near-dead experience but only few of you experienced on your own. So why and how it can happen? III. Explanation A. The existence of the human magnetic field B. The proximity of the magnetic oscillation frequencyC. Energy conversion Transition: You may think that what I’ve told you are just crapping. Believe it or not, now I’m going to tell you some true stories that happened from my friends. III. True story at: A. Amber Court, Genting Highland B. Ria, Genting Highland C. An abandoned hospital, in Selangor. Transition: Although currently we still cannot provide a scientific proof of the existence of ghost, sometimes things may happen magically without any reason. IV. Conclusion A.Restate thesis: Remember, ghost exists around us. Most of us can’t see them because we are in different magnetic field. B. Restate main points: I have briefly explained what is ghost and how does ghost possession can happen and I have told you few true stories of my friend. C. Call-to-Action: Believe in the existence of ghost is not scary but more like a prevention. They exist be cause of us, dies. They make no harm to us if we don’t provoke them. D. Clincher: So, be careful guys. Those empty seats are occupied by â€Å"them†. Persuasive Speech Outline Samples of Persuasive speech Outline SAMPLE 1 From the time we wake up in the morning to the moment we lay are head down at night, we are constantly making choices. Some take a conscious effort, some should, and some do not. Have you ever taken the time to really stop and think if you’re giving the correct amount of attention to the right choice? I’m here today to ask you to be more conscious of what you eat. I’m going to discuss health reasons, effect of food advertisements, reading food labels, and fad diets. Let’s start off by talking about America’s health crisis. I.Number one reason to be conscious of your eating habits is to watch out for your health. A. Obesity is the number two cause of preventable death according to the behavioral risk factor surveillance system (CDC, 2010) 1. In 2005-2006 67% Americans 20 years or older were overweight or obese(CDC, 2010). 2. Being overweight or obese leads to increased risk of breast cancer, cardiovascula r diseases, type II diabetes and many others(Insel, 2006) 3. Can be prevented by monitoring how many calories you eat and how much daily activity you perform. B. In 2007 23. 6 million people had been diagnosed with diabetes (CDC, 2010). . 90-95% of them had type II (mayo clinic, 2009) 2. Diabetes can be prevented by consuming a variety of foods, controlling portions, getting adequate fiber, and 30 minutes of moderate exercise (mayo clinic, 2009) II. Advertisements are affecting our food choices. A. I believe that if we are more aware of what we are seeing and hearing in ads, we can control how food advertisements effect us 1. Media sometimes sensationalizes and over-simplifies nutrition related topics to increase viewers and products sales (Insel, 2006) B. Most ads promote food that is high in calories, fats and sugars (CSPI, 2009). . 90% of commercials on Saturday morning programs are promoting junk food or fast food(CSPI, 2009) 2. Only 2% of all commercials are fruits, vegetables, and whole grains (CSPI, 2009) III. Reading labels is the number one step to being more conscious of your food choices. A. Pay attention to the ingredient 1. The ingredients listed are always in descending order according to the amount by weight used in the product. 2. It is best to choose the food product with the least ingredients and you should know what those ingredients are because these foods are the least processed (Wright). . Best to avoid food that contain dyes because it is the same dyes used in materials (Wright). a. Some common food dyes such as yellow 5 and red 40 have been linked to hyperactivity, impulsivity, learning difficulties, and ADHD in children (CSPI, 2009). b. There are plenty of natural dyes such as beta carotene, beet root red, and paprika that can be used (CSPI, 2009). B. Health claims are not the same as function claims. 1. Health claims are FDA regulated where as function claims are not (Wright). 2.A health claim simply states that a food is high in a nu trient such as calcium or fiber; function claim states that the food will do something such as burn fat or boost immunity. 3. This means that function claims are not always true because they have not been thoroughly tested. IV. Be aware that fad diets are not the answer to healthy nutrition; only lifestyle changes are. 1. According to the American heart association (2010), fad diets are not nutritionally balanced. a. They mostly focus on one food or nutrient which defeats the number one principle of nutrition: eat a wide variety of food. b.It is not possible to get all your nutrients from one food (AHA, 2010). i. Carbohydrates are needed for energy. ii. Protein to needed create hormones such as insulin. iii. Fat needed to keep us warm and protect organs. 2. Diana Wright, registered dietitian, says that fad diets lack exercise, claim unrealistic weight loss, and aren’t based on facts. It’s no mystery that what we eat has an effect on our lives, but yet we still fail to be conscious of what we take in. I think it’s important for all of you to start making better food choices today by being aware of the health risks, ads, fad diet gimmicks, and reading labels.If we can start new healthy habits now, they may be harder to break down the road. Works Cited American heart association. (2010). Quick weight loss or fad diets. Retrieved from http://www. americanheart. org/presenter. jhtml? identifier=4584 Center for disease control. (2010, March 2). Retrieved from www. cdc. gov Center for science in the public interest. (2009) Retrieved from www. cspinet. org Insel, P. , & Turner, E. , Ross, D. (2006). Discovery Nutrition: second edition. Massachusetts: Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Mayo Clinic. (2009, June). Type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from http://www. mayoclinic. om/health/type-2-diabetes/DS00585 SAMPLE 2 Would you like to have less stress and more energy? Would you like to change your body shape or boost your sex life? How about lowering your risk for cancer and heart disease? I’m telling you that you can achieve all of these things plus much more just by moving your body. I’m not going to tell you how to move your body, and even though you’ve heard about it many times before, I am going to reiterate some of the benefits you will receive from exercising regularly because many of you still aren’t active enough. Unfortunately your health may be at risk.THESIS: No matter what your shape, size or age, having a lifestyle that includes fitness will help you feel better physically, mentally and help prevent disease. OUTLINE: I. Exercise has many psychological and emotional benefits. A. Stress, depression and anxiety levels can be reduced with regular physical activity. B. Persons that exercise regularly tend to be happier, have positive attitudes, and are more productive. (Indian Express) C. Many people have a more positive self-image and increased confidence. D. Boosts your mood. II. Consistent physical activity can help the way your body looks and feels.A. You can change your body shape by using weights with strength training exercises. B. Muscle tension that can build up is relieved when toning your muscles. C. Your sleep quality is greatly improved. D. Combined with proper nutrition, helps to control weight and prevent obesity which is a risk factor for many diseases. III. Overall health is improved and aids in preventing illness. A. Helps decrease your risk heart disease and stroke by improving cholesterol levels, blood flow and heart function. B. Blood pressure is better managed. C. Prevents bone loss and osteoporosis by promoting bone formation. D.Exercise is linked to a decrease in the risk of colon cancer, breast tumors, and other malignancies. IV. Top five reasons people don’t exercise. A. They hate exercise. (5) Something enjoyable can always be found. B. They don’t know how to exercise. (4) Many resources available to teach you about exercise. C. They†™re too tired to exercise. (3) Exercising regularly will actually increase your energy level. D. They don’t have money. (2) There are many physical activities a person can do and they don’t cost any money. E. They don’t have time to exercise. (1) People have to choose to take the time to exercise.They only need 30 minutes a day, 3-5 times a week. WORKS CITED: Age and Exercise: Good Habits Form Early, Lyons, Linda, Gallup Poll Tuesday Briefing; 11/26/2002, p1, 3p, 3 Graphs Newport, Frank , Source: Book, Gallup Poll Briefing; 11/22/2006, p1-4, 4phttp://ezproxy. fhda. edu:2051/login. aspx? direct=true&db=pwh&AN=23777 509&site=pov-live American Cancer Society, www. cancer. org, â€Å"More Evidence That Excercise Reduces Cancer Risk† (2003) (accessed March 15, 2010) â€Å"The SurgeonGeneral’s Vision For a Healthy and Fit Nation 2010, www. surgeongeneral. gov U. S. Department of Health and Human Services (accessed March 15, 2010SAMPLE 3 Show video: ht tp://www. youtube. com/watch? v=qpYq9CBZoKQ Thesis: When you choose to drink and drive you not only affect your life but you affect the lives of others around you. Introduction: I will inform you of some statistics involving drunk driving. I will also discuss two indicators of driving under the influence. The punishments that follow after making this decision and what you can do to avoid drinking and driving. When people make the decision to drink and drive they not only affect their life but they affect the lives of others around them. I. Statistics of drunk driving A.Statistic information collected by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. (posted on the Mothers Against Drunk Driving website) 1. â€Å"In 2008, an estimated 11,773 people died in drunk driving crashes involving a driver with an illegal BAC (. 08 or greater). † (M. A. D. D. ) B. According to californiaavoid. org, the clearing house for DUI statistics for the thirteen cities in Santa Clara county, Santa Clara County had 289 DUI arrests from December 18th through December 24th in 2009. C. These high numbers make me think that drivers today are unaware of how alcohol affects their driving abilities.II. The two primary indications of driving under the influence are your BAC and an inability to successfully pass field sobriety exercises. A. What is BAC? And how is it calculated? 1. BAC stands for Blood Alcohol Content/concentration. This is the percentage of alcohol in the bloodstream. (dictionary. com) 2. Calculation, use power point. B. How does alcohol affect your ability to pass field sobriety exercises? 1. Officers of the law will conduct many exercises a. Nystagmus (bouncing of pupils) b. Coordination exercises c. Balance exercises 2. â€Å"Any amount of alcohol affects your ability to drive safely.The effects can include slower reactions, increased stopping distance, poorer judgment of speed and distance, and reduced field of vision. † (Blitz) C. Once you have cross ed the line with drinking and driving there is no coming back and what lies ahead of you are consequences and punishment. III. What types of consequences and punishments are out there? A. Law enforcement consequences 1. DUI/DWI a. Driving under the influences and driving while intoxicated is the same thing and suffer the same consequences. 2. Suspension of license/ jail time a. Your driving privileges can and most likely will be revoked.B. Personal punishments 1. Loss of vehicle a. Car could end up totaled b. Car could be impounded c. This type of punishment can and will hurt your pocket. It will cost you a lot of money to replace or fix what is broken. 2. Insurance will increase a. â€Å"Anyone that is found to be involved in an auto accident where alcohol was a contributing factor can expect more dire consequences. The person that was drinking and driving will either not be able to get their policy renewed or will pay much greater premiums than before the accident. † (Odimb a) 3. The inability to get hired due to DUI a.It is safe to assume that job opportunities which require the use of corporation vehicles are no longer open to those individuals convicted of driving under the influence. 4. Injury or Death a. Driving while intoxicated can lead you to injury yourself b. You can also kill someone c. â€Å"Alcohol related crashes are the leading cause of death for young Americans, between the ages of 16 and 24 years old. † (Alcohol Impaired) C. Drinking and driving is not the only option you have, there are services out there that can get you and others home safely. IV. How to avoid drunk driving A. Local Services 1.Your Designated Driver 877-NO-DUI-SJ a. This service will pick you and your automobile up and take you home. This is not a free service b. Service areas: Campbell, Los Gatos, Santana Row B. Taxi’s C. Designated Drive 1. Before you go out with friends make sure there is a designated driver. 2. Have a plan before you start to drink . 3. Driving home intoxicated is not the answer, be a smart, save your life or another’s life. Conclusion: Raise your hand if your life is important enough to you, not to drink and drive. Keep your hand up if your friend’s life is also important enough to you, not to drink and drive.I hope the information I have given you has made your knowledge of driving under the influence more clear. Thousands of people our age die every day due to alcohol related accidents. I hope you will use the knowledge of calculating your blood alcohol content that it might keep you from getting behind the wheel. As I discussed there are many consequences and punishments for making the decision to drink and drive. I am telling you drinking and driving is not your only option, there are safer choices you can make that will keep you, another person, family member or friend alive. Don’t drink and drive.Work Cited: â€Å"Alcohol Impaired Driving Statistics†. DUI Statistics: Cause of Death. 14 March 2010 . â€Å"Blitz on drink-driving†. Bath Chronicle 30 May 2008: 1-1. Magazine â€Å"DUI Statistics: Winter Holiday 2009†. California Avoid. 14 March 2010 . Mothers Against Drunk Driving, M. A. D. D. . â€Å"Statistics†. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 14 March 2010 . Odimba, Chimezirim. â€Å"How much will my insurance increase after one accident? â€Å". Ezine Articles. 14 March 2010 . SAMPLE 4 Topic: Lottery tickets. Thesis: There are certain beliefs about lottery tickets, which will be proven wrong.Introduction 1. â€Å"Today’s Super Lotto numbers are 7, 12, 21, 43, 46†¦ and Mega number 16,† that based on calottery. com on April 29, 2006. 2. According to the gambling statistics at lotteryinsider. com, nearly 50% of all Americans claim they have bought a state lottery ticket in the past year. 3. People have four common beliefs about the lottery: winning money, changing lives, less to more, one time only. 4. Persuasively, those four beliefs about the lottery are proven wrong. Body I. With the lottery you can win money. A. Yes, you can win money†¦key word can. B. But do you know the chances of winning?C. Statistics show that in the California Lotto, your odds are 1 in 25,827,165. D. The chances of getting struck by lightning are higher than winning the lottery. II. The lottery can change your life. A. True, the lottery changes your life†¦in more negative ways. B. Based on CNN news, a man who won $57,000 in an Indiana lottery game taped for television died hours later after being hit by a pickup truck. C. Based on Fox news, a wife divorces her husband who won the lottery winner because of financial issues. D. Other problem arises when lottery winners come into contact with a high sum of money.III. Spending less money to win more money. A. Of course, the lottery cost one dollar for one line, which is less money. B. My mother have brought lottery tickets for 20 years; spending approximately $5 a week. C. Multiply that by 52 weeks equals to $260, which times 20 years equal $5200. D. In the course of the 20 years, the total amount she won is estimated to around $100, which ends up spending more money than winning money. IV. First time players will play one time, which doesn’t matter if they win or lose. A. First time players claim that they will not buy lottery tickets again.B. Although winning or losing money doesn’t matter, the scenario is false. C. The winners will play again since they have the greed to win more money while the losers will continue to play until they win back the money they lost. D. Addiction arouse for those lottery buyers, which sparks a new form of gambling. Conclusion 1. Again, nearly 50% of all Americans claim they have bought a state lottery ticket in the past year. 2. The four main beliefs about the lottery: winning money, changing lives, less to more, one time only are proven wrong. . Imposingly, the odds are 1 in 25,827,165, lives of the winners are changing negatively, buyers spend more money than winning money, and first time players continue to play. 4. In other words, if you do not want to waste money and time, do not buy a lottery ticket†¦your high hopes will just be a waste. Works Cited California Lottery. 21 April 2006. 2 May 2006. â€Å"Gambling Statistics. † Gall Up Poll News. 2 February 2004. 2 May 2006. â€Å"Lottery winner dies in accident hours after show. † CNN News. 24 January 2004. 2 May 2006.