Etymology Case Essay

The word horticulture is modeled after agriculture, and comes from the Latin hortus â€Å"garden† and cultÃ… «ra â€Å"cultivation†, from cultus, the perfect passive participle of the verb colÃ…  â€Å"I cultivate†.Hortus is cognate with the native English word yard (in the meaning of land associated with a building) and also the borrowed word garden. Understanding horticulture Horticulture is a term that evokes images of plants, gardening, and people working in the horticultural industries. For the public, and policy makers, the term is not completely understood nor is its impact on human activities been fully appreciated. Horticulture impacts widely on human activities, more than its popular understanding as merely â€Å"gardening† would indicate. It needs to be recognized as a matrix of inter-relating areas that overlap, with complex inter-relationships. A wider and more accurate definition will communicate effectively the importance of plants, their cultivation and their use for sustainable human existence. The popular â€Å"gardening activity† sense fails to convey the important role that horticulture plays in the lives of individuals, communities and human societies as a whole. Describing its impact on the physiological, psychological and social activities of people is key to expanding our understanding; however â€Å"the cultivation of a garden, orchard, or nursery† and â€Å"the cultivation of flowers, fruits, vegetables, or ornamental plants† as well as â€Å"the science and art of cultivating such plants† will suffice to sketch the outline of a short description. Expanded the traditional understanding of horticulture beyond â€Å"garden† cultivation. Turkey (1962) gave an overview of those involved in the field of horticulture, in stating that there are those who are concerned with the science or biological side, those concerned with the business side and finally those who are concerned with the home or art side, which enjoy plants simply for the satisfaction they get from them. Primarily it is an art, but it is intimately connected with science at every point. Relf highlighted the fact that, in limiting the definition of horticulture severely limits an understanding of what horticulture means in terms of human well-being. Relf provided a comprehensive definition of horticulture as; the art and science of plants resulting in the development of minds and emotions of individuals, the enrichment and health of communities, and the integration of the â€Å"garden† in the breadth of modern civilization. In addition, Half acre and Barden (1979), Janick and Goldman (2003). Further extended the scope of horticulture when they agreed that the origins of horticulture are intimately associated with the history of humanity and that horticulture encompasses all life and bridges the gap between science, art and human beings. This broader vision of horticulture embraces plants, including the multitude of products and activities (oxygen, food, medicine, clothing, shelter, celebration or remembrance) essential for human survival; and people, whose active and passive involvement with â€Å"the garden† brings about benefits to them as individuals and to the communities and cultures they encompass Greenhouse effect A representation of the exchanges of energy between the source (the Sun), the Earth’s surface, the Earth’s atmosphere, and the ultimate sink outer space. The ability of the atmosphere to capture and recycle energy emitted by the Earth surface is the defining characteristic of the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a process by which thermal radiation from a planetary surface is absorbed by atmospheric greenhouse gases, and is re-radiated in all directions. Since part of this re-radiation is back towards the surface and the lower atmosphere, it results in an elevation of the average surface temperature above what it would be in the absence of the gases. Solar radiation at the frequencies of visible light largely passes through the atmosphere to warm the planetary surface, which then emits this energy at the lower frequencies of infrared thermal radiation. Infrared radiation is absorbed by greenhouse gases, which in turn re-radiate much of the energy to the surface and lower atmosphere. The mechanism is named after the effect of solar radiation passing through glass and warming a greenhouse, but the way it retains heat is fundamentally different as a greenhouse works by reducing airflow, isolating the warm air inside the structure so that heat is not lost by convection. If an ideal thermally conductive blackbody was the same distance from the Sun as the Earth is, it would have a temperature of about 5.3  °C. However, since the Earth reflects about 30% of the incoming sunlight, the planet’s effective temperature (the temperature of a blackbody that would emit the same amount of radiation) is about −18  °C,[7][8] about 33 °C below the actual surface temperature of about 14  °C.[ The mechanism that produces this difference between the actual surface temperature and the effective temperature is due to the atmosphere and is known as the greenhouse effect. Earth’s natural greenhouse effect makes life as we know it possible. However, human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests, have intensified the natural greenhouse effect, causing global warming. MODERN ELECTRONICS Home appliance Numerous appliances are found in the kitchen. Home appliances are electrical/mechanical machines which accomplish some household functions, such as cooking or cleaning. Home appliances can be classified into: * Major appliances, or White goods * Small appliances, or Brown goods * Consumer electronics, or Shiny goods This division is also noticeable in the service area of these kinds of products. Brown goods usually require high technical knowledge and skills (which get more complex with time, such as going from a soldering iron to a hot-air soldering station), while white goods need more practical skills and â€Å"brute force† to manipulate the devices and heavy tools required to repair them. Electric blanket In the US the electric blanket is a blanket with an integrated electrical heating device usually placed above the top bed sheet. In the UK and Commonwealth, electric blanket commonly refers to an electric mattress pad, which is placed below the bottom bed sheet. Electric blankets usually have a control unit which adjusts the amount of heat the blanket produces. Blankets for larger sized beds often have separate controls for each side of the bed. The electric blanket may be used to pre-heat the bed before use or to keep the occupant warm while in bed. Modern electric blankets have carbon fibre wires. These blankets usually work on 24 volts instead of the 110/240 volts. Therefore, they are advertised as being a safer, more efficient and more comfortable alternative. Zhangjiajie, China : The Bailong Elevator is the world’s largest exterior elevator. At over 1,000 feet tall, this elevator looms high midway up a cliff overlooking a valley far below. Moreover, the elevator is mostly glass, affording passengers a dizzying view to the depths below. There is some concern, however, about the elevator’s long-term impact on the surrounding natural environment. Yangtze, China :The Three Gorges Dam has drawn fire from people around the world for its role in raising water levels and displacing millions of Chinese residents in the area. As a work of engineering, however, it is unparalleled. It will be the largest hydroelectric dam in the world, 600 feet high and holding 1.4 trillion cubic feet of water behind 100 million cubic feet of concrete. This engineering wonder will also eventually provide as much as 10% of China’s vast power needs. Technology By the mid 20th century, humans had achieved a mastery of technology sufficient to leave the atmosphere of the Earth for the first time and explore space. Technology is the making, modification, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems, methods of organization, in order to solve a problem, improve a preexisting solution to a problem, achieve a goal or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species’ ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. The word technology comes from Greek Ï„Î µÃâ€¡ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± (technologà ­a); from Ï„Î ­Ãâ€¡ÃŽ ½ÃŽ · (tà ©chnÄ“), meaning â€Å"art, skill, craft†, and -ÃŽ »ÃŽ ¿ÃŽ ³ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ± meaning â€Å"study of-â€Å".[1] The term can either be applied generally or to specific areas: examples include construction technology, medical technology, and information technology. The human species’ use of technology began with the conversion of natural resources into simple tools. The prehistorical discovery of the ability to control fire increased the available sources of food and the invention of the wheel helped humans in travelling in and controlling their environment. Recent technological developments, including the printing press, the telephone, and the Internet, have lessened physical barriers to communication and allowed humans to interact freely on a global scale. However, not all technology has been used for peaceful purposes; the development of weapo ns of ever-increasing destructive power has progressed throughout history, from clubs to nuclear weapons.

400 Million Years of Shark Evolution

If you went back in time and looked at the first, unremarkable prehistoric sharks of the Ordovician period--about 420 million years ago--you might never guess that their descendants would become such dominant creatures, holding their own against vicious marine reptiles like pliosaurs and mosasaurs and going on to become the apex predators of the worlds oceans. Today, few creatures in the world inspire as much fear as the Great White Shark, the closest nature has come to a pure killing machine--if you exclude Megalodon, which was 10 times bigger. Before discussing shark evolution, though, its important to define what we mean by shark. Technically, sharks are a suborder of fish whose skeletons are made out of cartilage rather than bone; sharks are also distinguished by their streamlined, hydrodynamic shapes, sharp teeth, and sandpaper-like skin. Frustratingly for paleontologists, skeletons made of cartilage dont persist in the fossil record nearly as well as skeletons made of bone--which is why so many prehistoric sharks are known primarily (if not exclusively) by their fossilized teeth. The First Sharks We dont have much in the way of direct evidence, except for a handful of fossilized scales, but the first sharks are believed to have evolved during the Ordovician period, about 420 million years ago (to put this into perspective, the first tetrapods didnt crawl up out of the sea until 400 million years ago). The most important genus that has left significant fossil evidence is the difficult-to-pronounce Cladoselache, numerous specimens of which have been found in the American midwest. As you might expect in such an early shark, Cladoselache was fairly small, and it had some odd, non-shark-like characteristics--such as a paucity of scales (except for small areas around its mouth and eyes) and a complete lack of claspers, the sexual organ by which male sharks attach themselves (and transfer sperm to) the females. After Cladoselache, the most important prehistoric sharks of ancient times were Stethacanthus, Orthacanthus, and Xenacanthus. Stethacanthus measured only six feet from snout to tail but already boasted the full array  of shark features: scales, sharp teeth, a distinctive fin structure, and a sleek, hydrodynamic build. What set this genus apart were the bizarre, ironing-board-like structures atop the backs of males, which were probably somehow used during mating. The equally ancient Stethacanthus and Orthacanthus were both fresh-water sharks, distinguished by their small size, eel-like bodies, and odd spikes protruding from the tops of their heads (which may have delivered jabs of poison to bothersome predators). The Sharks of the Mesozoic Era Considering how common they were during the preceding geologic periods, sharks kept a relatively low profile during most of the Mesozoic Era,  because of intense competition from marine  reptiles like ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs. By far the most successful genus was Hybodus, which was built for survival: this prehistoric shark had two types of teeth, sharp ones for eating fish and flat ones for grinding mollusks, as well as a sharp blade jutting out of its dorsal fin to keep other predators at bay. The cartilaginous skeleton of Hybodus was unusually tough and calcified, explaining this sharks persistence both in the fossil record and in the worlds oceans, which it prowled from the Triassic to the early Cretaceous periods. Prehistoric sharks really came into their own during the middle Cretaceous period, about 100 million years ago. Both Cretoxyrhina (about 25 feet long) and Squalicorax (about 15 feet long) would be recognizable as true sharks by a modern observer; in fact, theres direct tooth-mark evidence that Squalicorax preyed on dinosaurs that blundered into its habitat. Perhaps the most surprising shark from the Cretaceous period is the recently discovered Ptychodus, a 30-foot-long monster whose numerous, flat teeth were adapted to grinding up tiny mollusks, rather than large fish or aquatic reptiles. After the Mesozoic After the dinosaurs (and their aquatic cousins) went extinct 65 million years ago, prehistoric sharks were free to complete their slow evolution into the remorseless killing machines we know today. Frustratingly, the fossil evidence for the sharks of the Miocene epoch (for example) consists almost exclusively of teeth--thousands and thousands of teeth, so many that you can buy yourself one on the open market for a fairly modest price. The Great White-sized Otodus, for example, is known almost exclusively by its teeth, from which paleontologists have reconstructed this fearsome, 30-foot-long shark. By far the most famous prehistoric shark of the Cenozoic Era  was Megalodon, adult specimens of which measured 70 feet from head to tail and weighed as much as 50 tons. Megalodon was a true apex predator of the worlds oceans, feasting on everything from whales, dolphins, and seals to giant fish and (presumably) equally giant squids; for a few million years, it may even have preyed on the equally ginormous whale Leviathan. No one knows why this monster went extinct about two million years ago; the most likely candidates include climate change and the resulting disappearance of its usual prey.

A Lecture On The Military Suicide - 980 Words

I am very shocked when I listen to the lecture about the military suicide. This lecture focuses on the horrible situation about the military suicide. A big part of the soldiers does not die in the war, but in the peaceful military. People in the USA do not care about the military suicide until the late 1970s to early 1980s. I find two social problems in this lecture. First is the military does not pay much attention to the mental health of the soldiers. Second is the government does not have many good policies to help veterans. First of all, the military does not pay much attention to the mental health of the soldiers. When the soldier came back from the war, most of the soldiers would not relax and still be very nervous. They cannot sleep well in the night, most of them will hear the gunshot in the middle of the night. On the one side, they are so afraid, and the influences of the war affect their body and mental health. For example, there was a soldier who came back from the Afghanistan. This man escaped from a horrible terrorist attack and lose all of his comrade-in-arms. When he came back, he could not get into sleep. He said he would still hear the explosive sound and the scream when he closed his eyes. It is called Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). After suffering from this torment, this man killed himself in the dorm of the military. As a result, the leaders of the military realized the serious conditions of this suicide problem. They made a policy called BioShow MoreRelatedInferno: Pier Delle V igne and Guido Da Montefeltro1372 Words   |  6 PagesTwo characters that Virgil and Dante encounter are Pier delle Vigne and Guido da Montefeltro. Pier delle Vigne was a famous Chancellor of the Emperor Frederick II, he is in hell because he committed suicide after being accused of treason. Guido da Montefeltro, on the other hand, was an important military general, strategists, and a politician. 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I will then predicate this explanation by resources to Durkheim meta theory that we ve discussed in lectures. Lastly I will explain why Durkheim’s work Suicide is significant for the discipline of sociology. The action of suicide has been in society since the dawn of man. Before Durkheim’s research, no one has been able to thoroughly explain why suicide occurs within a society. What s so great about Durkheim’sRead MoreTechnology And The Military Technology1128 Words   |  5 PagesInsurgent technology though not as advanced as the military technology was arguably more effective. The insurgent’s use of ingenious bomb technology was extremely effective against the U.S. civilians, U.S. soldiers, and the Iraqi people. 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In other words, after civil wars, peacekeepers are often charged not only with military monitoring duties, but with reforming the essential institutions of the state† (Peacekeeping, Peace Enforcement, and UN Reform Lise Morjà © Howard, P 1-2). There are three ways that peacekeepers are able to use their power in order to succeed. TheseRead MoreWwi Essay : World Literature1663 Words   |  7 Pagesglorification of the military along with the romanization of war put forth by authority, ultimately rendered the youth oblivious to the reality of war. With war being glorified in nations, many believed that this war would be short and glorious, but they were unable to anticipate the horrors to come (Zweig). As nations finally got a taste of glory, the determination to be superior become evident through many nations’ participation in arms race (Barron). With the glorification of the military, â€Å"young men dreamedRead MoreCivil Wars : The Most Common Form Of War1683 Words   |  7 Pages(Civil War PPT). However, conflicts involving only one side, such as a genocide or a coup does not meet this criteria. In addition, there must be 1,000 battle deaths in order to qualify as a civil war. The numbers going into battle deaths include both military and civilian populations (Civil War PPT). Civil wars generally commence when a rebel group has a conflict with the state’s governing authority and are usually due to wanting more inclusion in the political activities and decisions, control over partRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Adolf Hitler662 Words   |  3 PagesAdolf was born on April 20th, 1889, He committed Suicide on April 30th 1945. How did this Austrian that seemed to come out of nowhere succeed in conquering Germany? How did he plant the seeds of hatred and violence into the German people? 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Essay on Women´s Legal Right Throughout History - 634 Words

Throughout US, History women have had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than men mainly because women have always been considered weaker than men. According to www.wic.org household chores, was left to women while the man hunted and plowed the fields. Back then a women’s traditional role was always seen as a social role. For example, one stereotype of a women’s role throughout the US history is â€Å"a women’s place is in the house† and during those times it largely determined how women viewed and expressed themselves. And it seems as though women had no say so in anything that went on rather if its politics, voting, war you name it those women had no voice even the women who were married. Being that England had developed a law†¦show more content†¦But as of today I would say that women are the most successful, educated and is advanced in every field the world has to offer, although there is women who still struggles but manages to get by yet women are still discriminated against until this day, but I believe the United States has changed dramatically over the past few decades because now women are seen as a man’s equal or should I say, â€Å"other halves† due to the dramatic changes there are a few concepts that I know, however, I think of them as being stereotypical, for example, men are seen as being head of the household, athletic, not sentimental. But women are considered as soft, weak, sentimental and nurturing. But I believe these stereotypes have some truth but in today’s world women are playing both the male and women by (working, going to school, and raising the kids and keeping a roof over their children heads). Then there’s the social status of â€Å"GLBT† people here in the United States as of today, its way better than how it was back then, because they were discriminated against constantly, others have even stated that due to the lack of acceptance they left home and began living on the streets. (Ray National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2006). And those studies have shown, that upon coming out to their parents, up to 50% of gay teens report a negative reaction and 26%Show MoreRelatedDescribing Canada1135 Words   |  5 Pagesencountered many defining moments throughout its history. During the twentieth century women of Canada have undergone numerous moments that brought about significant changes for themselves. The most prominent moments, which brought about the most change and significance are: the persons case of 1928, the womens liberation movement throughout the 1960s and 70s and the ratification of the Treaty for Rights of Women (CEDAW) in 1981. 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Although there are several forms of inequality that the title attempts to highlight within the story, it focuses primarily on the issues of gender inequa lity by comparing the issues that Marjane faces due to her gender and comparing itRead MoreThe Feminist Theory Of Women930 Words   |  4 Pagessociological theories which analyzes the status of women and men in society with the purpose of using that knowledge to better women’s lives† (Crossman n.d.). Throughout history, women have fought to become equal, to have the same rights as men. Although the power that women are allowed to have has greatly improved over time. At one point in time, women had absolutely no rights what so ever and now women not only have rights but they have the right to run for a political office of power. â€Å"The feministRead MoreExplication Of The s Story Presentation, A Fellow Classmate Of Mine Claimed That Invisible 1701 Words   |  7 Pagesand secular rules are arbitrary†. Arbitrary means based off of random choice opposed to reason or system. That definition clashes with Invisibles view of society. Nowhere in the novel did Invis ible ignore the social and legal systems. Invisible most often adhered to the social, legal, and religious systems in place. Existentialists do not believe in outside forces contributing to decision making (free will) but this is extremely contradictory to the given situation he faced. Invisible was extremely

Work And Play Essay Example For Students

Work And Play Essay In society, there are usually two main groups when associated with their mentality towards work. But is there a distinction between work, play, and creative expressions? Art is anything that requires creation or imagination. An artist, a writer, or a pianist probably enjoys what they do for a living because they have that talent to make that happen for them in their career. You can say that an artist will never retire because they have that passion and dedication to draw even when they get old. Sad to say, most people who do retire probably never liked their job or what they did for a living. Otherwise, why retire to something you love so dearly?Living to Work, by Dorothy L. Sayers examines two classifications of people and their work. One group looks to work as a dreaded necessity, while the other group looks at their work as an opportunity for enjoyment and self-fulfillment. Altogether, their values, interests, and hard work all come down to money. For many, a successful worker is one who makes the most income and achieves the most fame. When it comes to interviews, the main questions are wages and hours. These people often fail to consider if the work is their actual passionto do something they love. Partial blame goes out to our capitalist system and industrial machinery. We forget why we wake up each morning lose focus of what work really should be. But overall, the fact is that we must arrange our ideas where everybody has an opportunity to work hard and find happiness in doing well the work that needs to be done. I believe working in factories is the most difficult job to have because the machines practically take over. Most workers have the same routine over and over again. No wonder these workers hate going to work. For those who see it as a career, they have to face the job for almost their whole life; gradually, their indifference eats up the enthusiasm, giving them nothing to look forward to each morning. No wonder people die to retire early. Since our economy is now based on industrial machinery, majority of the workers either work at factories or industries. It leaves us with no imagination and by the end of the day, we become exhausted by lifting, moving, rearranging, or whatever factory work entails. There is absolutely no form of creative expression or art anywhere. However, art does not necessary mean drawing, or filling a blank canvas. It simply means being open or idealistic in what you do. Many people lose the option to choose what they want to do because physical stress or financial stability becomes the main concern. If that is the case, then we all should attempt to see work as an opportunity to associate with strangers, to learn, or just to be satisfied with your own accomplishments. In the end, you are the only person to motivate yourself at having a good time. If you start thinking that work is pain and stressful, you will have no passion or motivation to do anything in your life. Spice it up a bit!So if all this stress and negativity is in your way, why continue to work? Most people would say money. Some families are on welfare, trying to earn as much income for their family, while others are simply trying to find ways to live in more luxurious homes. Due to distractions, many employees tend to believe that the only time to relax and live in comfort is to retire with the money they earned. Perhaps this is why people choose high paying jobs, where they have little affinity. .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 , .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .postImageUrl , .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 , .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70:hover , .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70:visited , .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70:active { border:0!important; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70:active , .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70 .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub325174941cf77bb73a1704c419c7c70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Modern reality play EssayBesides industries and corporations, what happens with the people who paint and write for a living? I cant say that they have or will earn as much money as others out there. But certainly the majority of these kind of workers end life with a greater sense of achievement and perhaps satisfaction. Certainly, their passion will allow them to continue working after that certain age. Maybe thats what people mean by never retiring. English

Quiz answers free essay sample

1. Which of the statements below best describes the concept of Enterprise Risk Management? †¢ Management of a single function of an organization that, upon implementation and testing, is then processed entity wide †¢ People, systems, and processes working together across the organizations to systematically thin about and manage a wide range of risks that could impede achieving organizational objectives/opportunity †¢ An approach that capitalizes on human intervention as processed through real change leaders †¢ A process affected by an entity’s leaders, management, and other personnel that is designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity, and to manage risk 2. Diane bought an action figure for her son David from Terrence’s Toy Shop. The packaging did not mention that the toy contained small detachable parts. David accidentally swallowed and choked on one of the detachable parts and had to be taken to the hospital. On which of the following product liability charges can Diane sue Terrence’s Toy Shop for damages? †¢ Nuisance †¢ Misrepresentation †¢ Fraud †¢ Negligence 3. Making false statements about a competitor’s products, services, property, or business reputation could make a company liable for †¢ tort of appropriation †¢ intentional misrepresentation †¢ disparagement †¢ misappropriation of the right to publicity 4. A plaintiff wants to sue a defendant under the tort theory of negligence for his injuries, but the plaintiff knows he was partially at fault for his own injuries. Which of the following is true? †¢ A state whose law applies contributory negligence will not allow the plaintiff to recover if the plaintiff has any fault for his injuries †¢ If the plaintiffs fault is only 5 percent, his recovery will be the same under either pure or partial comparative negligence. †¢ The plaintiff will have to elect whether to sue under comparative or contributory negligence. †¢ Because the plaintiff is partly at fault, he will not be able to recover under either comparative or contributory negligence. 5. How does product disparagement differ from defamation of a nonpublic figure? †¢ Publication to a third party is required in the disparagement case, but not in the defamation case †¢ Malicious intent is required for a disparagement case, but is not required in the defamation case †¢ Malicious intent is required for the defamation case, but not in the disparagement case †¢ Publication to a third party is required in the defamation case, but not in the disparagement case 6. Mary was getting a ride home in John’s new car. On the way, a malfunctioning brake caused an accident and both Mary and John were injured. Which of the following statements is true of this situation? †¢ John can file a negligence lawsuit against the dealership from which he bought the car. †¢ Mary can recover damages for her injury under a theory of strict liability against the manufacturer of John’s car. †¢ Mary can file a strict liability lawsuit against John †¢ Mary can file a negligence lawsuit against the dealership that sold John his car. 7. Assuming that statutory requirements have been met, what is protected under merchant protection statutes? †¢ Merchants are protected from product disparagement claims of their competitors. †¢ Merchants are protected from false imprisonment claims of persons detained on suspicion of shoplifting. †¢ Merchants are protected from negligence claims on their business premises. †¢ Merchants are protected from the intentional torts of their customers. 8. John Harley was on his way home when an assailant stopped his car and threatened to physically harm him if he ever saw him drive on that street again. John can sue the assailant to recover damages for †¢ Disparagement †¢ libel †¢ assault †¢ battery 9. Dorothy purchases a chair that was made by Woode Designs, Inc. While making the chair, the legs were not fixed properly to the base. When Dorothy sits on the chair, it breaks and she is injured. In a strict liability lawsuit, which of the following can Dorothy cite as a defect in the chair? †¢ Failure to provide adequate instructions †¢ Failure to warn †¢ Defect in design †¢ Defect in manufacture 10. In order to recover in a products liability case based on strict liability, the plaintiff must prove that the product had a defect that †¢ the defendant was aware of †¢ made the product unreasonably dangerous †¢ affected the value of the product †¢ was caused by the defendant 11. Which best describes assumption of the risk in a negligence case? †¢ The defendant gave advance warning to the plaintiff that an injury would occur. †¢ The plaintiff was involved in an abnormally dangerous activity. †¢ The plaintiff is more at fault than the defendant in causing the accident. †¢ The plaintiff knowingly and willingly subjected herself to a risky activity. 12. According to the doctrine of ________, the plaintiff is not required to prove that the defendant breached a duty of care. †¢ assumption of risk †¢ comparative negligence †¢ contributive negligence †¢ strict liability 13. Which of the following is a defect in manufacture? †¢ Failure to properly package the product †¢ Failure to include adequate instructions for the product †¢ Failure to properly test the product †¢ Failure to properly design the product 14.Bartie’s, Inc. sells watercolors and pastels that are marketed as safe for use by children. However, several accounts of lead poisoning were reported in children who used the products. An investigation revealed that the company was knowingly manufacturing colors that contained toxic amounts of the heavy metal. Which of the following torts has Bartie’s, Inc. committed? †¢ Professional malpractice †¢ Disparagement †¢ Intentional misrepresentation †¢ Assault 15. Which of the following is the best statement of the test applied in determining if a defendant’s actions were the proximate cause of the plaintiff’s injuries? †¢ Was it foreseeable that the defendant’s conduct would lead to the kind of injury that the plaintiff suffered? †¢ Was it foreseeable that the defendant was the cause of the plaintiff’s injuries given the nature of those injuries? †¢ Was it foreseeable to the plaintiff that the defendant would engage in this conduct? †¢ Was the injury foreseeable to the plaintiff prior to the injury’s occurrence? 16. Gary Govetty is a famous movie star. A tabloid published an interview with his ex-girlfriend in which she falsely claimed that Gary was completely bald and had been wearing a wig for several years. Gary can sue his ex-girlfriend for †¢ Libel †¢ disparagement †¢ invasion of privacy †¢ Slander 17. George, Jerry, and Harry are passengers on a flight from Chicago to New York. They injure their legs when their seatbelts do not fasten during takeoff. The airline is sued by all three together for injuries caused and the airline is found to be negligent and is directed by the court to pay damages to the injured parties. Which of the following parties is entitled to recover maximum damages? †¢ Harry, a chartered accountant who earns $200,000 a year †¢ All the men recover the same amount of damages, irrespective of their income or profession †¢ Jerry, a professional football player who earns $2 million a year †¢ George, a retired professor who gets a pension of $50,000 a year 18. Select the option which best completes this statement: Enterprise Risk Management is most effective when it is a(n) _________ process. †¢ static †¢ one-time †¢ ongoing †¢ informal 19. The failure to design an automobile that will properly protect the occupants from a person’s body striking something inside their automobile is known as the †¢ quality control doctrine †¢ failure to design doctrine †¢ defective design doctrine †¢ crashworthiness doctrine 20. Which of the following is a key element of successful Enterprise Risk Management? †¢ Nondisclosure agreements †¢ Legal counsel †¢ Strong investment strategies †¢ Management commitment

Advertising Variety Essays

Advertising Variety Essays Advertising Variety Essay Advertising Variety Essay The production of goods without quick sale is to no purpose. We have different kind of advertisement to promote sales. Advertisement gives information about new products, about health and safety is called informative advertisement. The kind of advertisement that persuades peoples to buy thing is called persuasive advertisement. Persuasive advertisement is directed to consumers who do not need to buy products very much. However, through effective advertisement they are brought round to buy them. Then there is deceptive advertisement. Deceptive advertising makes peoples believe products or goods to better then they are. When persuasive advertising becomes deceptive, the results are often negative. We look at the innumerable posters, notices, small boards and hoardings, huge boards on the outside of buildings and banners for advertisement at road crossings and street corners or in busy public places. At night the advertisement are well lit, and they seems to add glamour to the areas around. However, the large hoardings or billboards with pictures and slogans only block the view of natural scenery and restrict pennes. Advertisement is something of a necessity in the modern world of competition and conflicts. Firstly, they introduce the new products to the general public; for example, the public comes to know readily of some new medicines for diseases, effective techniques of constructing houses through companies having specialized knowledge. The government advertises its schemes and policies to inform the public and to make it participate in them. It has advertised in the past its new housing plans, saving schemes, educational policies, issue of identity card etc. Mom off and on. Advertisement in newspapers for job in government departments and private organizations are highly useful. They help the offices and agencies to get readily trained manpower from the public. They help the educated public to get jobs and production centers through newspaper advertisements. The education private sector mostly depends on advertisement and publicity to attract students to educational institute. Advertising of cigarettes, undesirable dress, expensive food, harmful soft drink and the time wasting games should be discouraged. Cosmetic and items of make-up that cause waste of time and money and also negative effect on the health should not be put up at public places. Any advertisement that effect health and character negatively and helps develop bad habits should immediately be disallowed by the government. The advertisement who misinform the public about their products and services and about those of their competitors should be tried in court of law and punished. There should be strict law for this, which carefully and forcefully implemented. Advertisement should be developed as an art that pleases and inform the peoples rightly about the best products and services. It should be not misused for popularizing of defective or expensive industrial goods, expensive luxuries, foreign products and even publications that can be harm full to the people in any way. Having investigated this branch we can made next conclusion: advertisement has become our need. For launch new products we have to advertise that product. And then that product will start running if that product has some quality.